Effects Of Candida Tropicalis Fermented Cottonseed Meal On Protein Metabolism In Broilers

Object:In this paper,different levels of fermented cottonseed meal were added to the diet of broilers to replace soybean meal.The effects on growth performance,slaughter performance,blood biochemical indexes,apparent digestibility and protein metabolism were studied.In order to obtain the optimum amount of fermented cotton meal,the time of adding and the effect on metabolism.It is of great practical significance to alleviate the shortage of protein feed resources,reduce the cost of breeding and produce green and healthy animal products.Methods:This paper is divided into three experiments.The specific methods are as follows:Test 1:Effects of Candida tropicalis fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance,slaughter performance and biochemical indexes in serum of broilers.A total of 480 one-day-old male broilers were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates of 20 chickens in each.A soybean meal based control diet was formulated and the experimental diets were consisted of 3%,6% or 9% FCSM,to replace the equivalent amounts of soybean meal,respectively.At the beginning and end of each stage,the average daily feed intake(ADFI),average daily gain(ADG),and weight ratio(F/G)were calculated in repeat.On the morning of the 21 st and 42 nd days respectively,each repeated randomly selected 1 chickens were sacrificed after blood collection of the finned vein heparin anticoagulant tube.total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),urea nitrogen(BUN),and other blood biochemical indexes and slaughter performance.Test 2:Effect of cottonseed meal fermented with candida ropicalis on protein metabolism of broilers.On the last three days of each phase,after all the feces were collected by repeated mixing,100 g was collected from each repeat to determine the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients.On day 1,21,and 42 of the test,1chickens were taken from each replicate for the determination of carcass and feather protein deposition.On21 days and 42 days,two chickens were randomly selected for each repetition,and fasted for 12 hours.After venous bleeding,part of the chest muscles,leg muscles,and liver were quickly collected in cryopreservation tubes to measure enzyme activity and hormones related to protein metabolism.Test 3:Effects of Candida tropicalis fermented cotton meal on protein metabolism-related genes in broilers.Real-time fluorescence quantitative method was used to determine the m RNA expression of IGF-1,m TOR,AKT,AMPK,TSC1,Atrogin-1 and other related genes in liver,breast muscle,and leg muscles.Result:Test 1:The F/G decreased with a linearly response with increasing dietary FCSM levels(1~21 d)(P<0.05);The percentage of half-eviscerated yield,breast muscle and leg muscle were significantly increased(P<0.05),and subcutaneous fat thickness linearly decreased(P<0.05).from 1~21 and 21~42 d among increasing FCSM in diets;At the age of d 21,the concentration of triglyceride(TG)and glucose(GLU)were significantly decreased(P<0.05).with the 6% group had the lowest value by increasing dietary FCSM levels.While the concentration of serum total protein(TP)were linearly increased(P<0.05)with increasing amount of FCSM in diet.At the age of 42 d,the concentration of TP were quadratically influenced(P<0.05).Test 2:The results showed that compared with the control group,FCSM supplementation increased the dry matter content and protein deposition from 1 to 21 days(P<0.05).In addition,the apparent digestibility rate of dry matter and crude protein increased significantly(P<0.05)in FCSM-fed broilers.The content of alkaline phosphatase(AKP),glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT),thyroid hormone(T4),and growth hormone(GH)in the muscle and liver increased in response to dietary FCSM supplementation at the age of 1 to 21 days.Moreover,6%and 9% groups were significantly higher than the 3% group(P<0.05).In addition,at the age of 21 to 42 days,6% and 9% groups had higher carcass protein content compared with the control group(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude protein in cottonseed meal group was also significantly increased(P<0.05).The contents of LDH,AKP,GPT,T4,GH,and INS in the liver were significantly higher in broilers fed with FCSM than those in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,the contents of T4 and GH in the muscles of the 6% and 9% groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).Test 3:The results showed that compared with the control group,the relative expression of the IGF-1 and the m TOR in the leg muscle of the FCSM group was significantly increased,while the expression of the transcription factor(Fox O3)in the pectoral muscle was significantly lower(P<0.05).The expression levels of IGF-1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxylase(PI3K)in the liver and pectoral muscle of the 3% and 6%groups were significantly higher than control group.in the other groups(P<0.05).Compared with control group,tumor suppressor(TSC2)expression was significantly lower in the groups of 3% and 6%(P<0.05).In addition,the expression of muscle atrophy F-box(Atrogin-1)in the pectoral muscle and muscle ring finger factor(Mu RF1)in the leg muscle of the 6% group were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05).At the age of 22 to 42 days,the relative expressions of IGF-1 and m TOR in the pectoral muscle of the 3% and 9% groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).In addition,the relative expressions of AKT and PI3 K in the leg muscles of the 6% group were significantly higher than other Group(P<0.05),and the expression of Fox O3 in the pectoral muscle of 9% group was significantly lower than control group(P<0.05).The expression levels of Fox O1,Mu RF1 in the liver and Fox O3 in the pectoral muscle in the 9%group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The optimal amount of fermented cotton meal in the broiler diet was 6%,and it was better in the early growing stage than in the late growing stage.Adding a suitable amount of fermented cotton meal can improve the growth performance of white feather broilers,improve slaughter performance,reduce the TG and GLU content in serum,and increase the content of serum TP and Ca.In addition,fermented cotton meal can increase the apparent digestibility of nutrients,proteinase-related protease activity and hormone levels,increase the relative expression of key genes in the IGF-1 / m TOR protein synthesis pathway,and reduce the ubiquitin protein in the proteolytic pathway.The expression of key genes in the enzymatic pathway(UPP)promotes protein deposition in the body and affects the synthesis and catabolism of the body protein.