The Establishment Of The Stage System Of Waterfowl Embryo Development And Its Comparison With Chicken

The study of embryonic development has been widely concerned.In developmental biology,various kinds of birds have been used as model organisms to study morphogenesis,in which chicken embryos are used in most laboratories.Therefore,Hamburger and Hamilton defined the stages of chicken embryo development nearly 70 years ago,in order to facilitate the research of chicken embryo.At present,this stage is still the main basis for the study of bird embryos.However,the waterfowl represented by ducks and geese are quite different from those represented by chickens in morphological characteristics,organ development and disease resistance.With the development of research on waterfowl,the embryonic development of chicken can not represent the development of waterfowl.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a stage system for the development of waterfowl embryos.In this experiment,the eggs of Jinding duck,Huoyan goose and Sanhuang chicken were hatched,the morphological characteristics of embryo development of duck and goose were described and compared with chicken,so as to provide research basis for the production of poultry and scientific research workers.Because the early embryo of poultry is too small to collect,there are two methods to collect the embryo.The early embryo is dyed with neutral red reactive dye,observed and photographed in the eggshell with a microscope;the later embryo is larger,fixed and decolored with Bouins solution after dissection,then observed and photographed with a microscope.All in all,the purpose of this study is:(1)to establish a complete embryonic development schedule and stage system for ducks(Anas platyrhynchos)and geese(Anas platyrhynchos);(2)to compare the embryonic development with that of chicken(Gallus gallus)established by hamburger and Hamilton(HH)The results showed that:(1)based on the embryo stage system of chicken,the complete embryo stage system of duck and goose was established respectively;(2)the comparison of embryo development time and characteristics of ducks,geese and chickens.In the early stage of embryo,the embryo development of ducks,geese and chickens is similar,and in the late stage of embryo,the development characteristics of beaks and limbs are different.The beak of duck and goose is wider and larger than that of chicken in the development stage after beak protruding;during the differentiation of limbs,the first interdigital web of duck,goose and chicken embryo degenerates,the second and third interdigital web of chicken embryo degenerates continuously,but the second and third interdigital web of duck and goose are not degenerated.The research results of this experiment establish a complete embryo development stage system of waterfowl for the first time,improve the embryo development stage of poultry,help veterinarians and scientific researchers to have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the normal morphological characteristics and organ development state of various stages of waterfowl embryo development,for the diagnosis and control of waterfowl embryo disease and embryo deformity,the development of embryo immunity and embryo injection technology,and provide support for production,breeding and scientific research.