| With the continuous development of today’s society,the development of animal husbandry has been paid more and more attention by countries all over the world,and antibiotics have played an important role in the development of animal husbandry.The addition of antibiotics to feed as an antibacterial growth-promoting agent can significantly promote the growth of livestock and poultry,improve feed conversion efficiency and feed efficiency,so it has been widely used in animal husbandry.However,the long-term use of antibiotics can lead to the production of drug-resistant strains,decrease the immunity of animals,cause endogenous infection and double infection of livestock and poultry,and disturb the microecology of machines,etc.;long-term extensive use of antibiotics can cause residues in livestock products and the environment,and then affect livestock and poultry food safety and human health.Antibiotics as feed additives gradually fade out of the market.Therefore,the search for pollution-free,green and safe alternative products of antibiotics has become the focus of research and attention.Lonicerae flos has a variety of pharmacological activities,such as antibacterial,antiviral,hepatoprotective,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antipyretic and so on.it is often used in the treatment of acute fever,headache,sore throat,respiratory tract infection and other diseases.The content of chlorogenic acid is the standard to measure the quality of Lonicerae flos,which is widely used in livestock and poultry feed,health products,cosmetics and so on.Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is known as an antibiotic in traditional Chinese medicine,which has the functions of antibacterial,antifungal,antiviral,anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy,liver protection and anti-cancer.It is often used for antipyretic,phlegm-relieving and qi-relieving,asthma cough,blood loss and so on.Baicalin is one of the most important active components of Scutellaria baicalensis and is widely used in veterinary drug products.The lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix is mainly composed of chlorogenic acid and baicalin,can enhance its properties to a greater extent,which has a wide market prospect and application value of feed drug additives.Objective: This study explored the effects of different doses of Scutellaria baicalensis extract powder as feed additive on disease resistance of non-resistant broilers,screened the appropriate dosage of Shanhua Scutellaria baicalensis extract in broilers without resistance,and revealed the mechanism of immune disease resistance of broilers.Methods:In order to explore the effect of lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix on the growth of broilers,360 healthy AA broilers were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups.lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix was added to the basal diet of broilers according to the dosage of 125mg/kg(T3 treatment group),250mg/kg(T4 treatment group)and 500 mg/kg(T5 treatment group).The basal diet(T1 treatment group)and basal diet supplemented with Enramycin(T2 treatment group)were used as negative and antibiotic control group respectively.The total feeding cycle was 42 days,which was divided into two stages: Prophase(1-21d)and anaphase(22-42d).The production performance,slaughtering performance,meat quality,immune index,intestinal mucosal barrier and nutrient digestion function of non-resistant broilers were studied.Results:(1)The effect of lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix on the growth performance of broilers.The body weight and daily gain of 1-42 days of broilers in T2,T4 and T5 groups were higher than those in T1 control group,but the difference was not significant(P > 0.05).Compared with T1 control group,the daily feed intake of T2,T3,T4 and T5 treatment groups decreased significantly(P < 0.01),but the feed gain ratio decreased but not significantly(P > 0.05).The above data showed that the lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix decreased the feed-to-weight ratio and increased the feed utilization rate during the whole feeding cycle.however,it did not reflect the dose dependence of lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix.The growth performance of T3,T4 and T5 treatment group was similar to that of T2 treatment group.(2)The effects of lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix on slaughtering performance and meat quality of broilers are as follows.The results of slaughtering performance showed that there was no significant difference in carcass weight,head weight,wing weight,chest muscle weight,leg bone weight and abdominal fat weight among 21 day of broilers,but the leg muscle weight and leg muscle + leg bone weight in T4 group were significantly higher than those in T1 control group(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in head weight,wing weight,chest muscle weight,leg bone weight,leg muscle weight,leg muscle + leg bone weight and abdominal fat weight among 42 day broilers,but there was no significant difference among T3,T4 and T5 groups(125mg/kg,250mg/kg and 500mg/kg,respectively).Results of organ index: there was no significant difference in organ development index of lung,liver,heart,kidney,spleen,thymus and bursa of Fabricius among 21 day treatment groups.There was no significant difference in organ development index of lung,heart,kidney,spleen,thymus and bursa of Fabricius among 42 days treatment groups,but the liver index of T2 treatment group was significantly lower than that of T1 control group(P < 0.05).In addition,the addition of lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix to feed could improve the leg muscle of broilers(P < 0.05).The above results show that lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix can improve the slaughtering performance of broilers to a certain extent,has no adverse effect on organ index,and improve the quality of chicken meat to a certain extent.(3)The effect of lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix on immune indexes of broilers showed that the contents of serum Ig A and Ig G in T4 group at 21 day were significantly higher than those in T1 control group,and the content of serum Ig G in T5 group was significantly higher than that in T3 group(P < 0.05).The content of serum Ig G in 42-day-old T3 group was significantly higher than that in T1 control group,and the content of albumin was significantly higher than that in T2 group.The results showed that the contents of Ig M,Ig A and Ig G in serum of broilers treated with lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix increased.In addition,the titer of Newcastle disease antibody showed that there was no significant difference among 14,21,28 and 35 days old treatment groups.However,the content of serum Newcastle disease antibody in 42-day T3,T4 and T5 groups was significantly higher than that in T1 control group(P < 0.05).The results showed that lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix could enhance the immune function of broilers.(4)The effect of lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix on intestinal mucosal barrier and nutrient digestion of broilers showed that the addition of lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix had no significant effect on the organ index of crop,stomach,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum of broilers.In addition,the villous height and intestinal wall thickness of duodenum in T3,T4 and T5 groups at 21 day were higher than those in T1 control group,but the difference was not significant,the jejunal recess depth in T4 and T5 groups was significantly higher than that in T2 and T3 groups(P < 0.05),and the ileal crypt depth in T5 group was significantly higher than that in T1,T2,T3 and T4 groups(P < 0.05).At 42 day,the depth of ileal recess in 5 treatment group was significantly higher than that in T1 treatment group(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in villus height,crypt depth,villous gland ratio and intestinal wall thickness among other intestinal segments.The above results show that the addition of lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix can improve the intestinal mucous barrier of chickens.Conclusion: The above results showed that lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix could reduce the feed-to-weight ratio,improve the feed utilization rate,improve the slaughter performance of broilers,enhance the immune function of broilers and improve the function of intestinal mucosal barrier of broilers.To provide data support and theoretical basis for lonicerae flos and scutellariae radix to replace antibiotics. |
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