| With the development of society and economy,the people's living standard is constantly improving,and the demand for animal husbandry is growing.However,the development of traditional animal husbandry has caused increasingly serious environmental pollution.As a new type of comprehensive industrial economic structure,which combines forest land resources and aquaculture,under forest aquaculture has the characteristics of balancing forest ecological environment and economic development,which is different from traditional aquaculture.However,the excessive development of forestry breeding will also have a negative impact on the environment,such as accelerating soil erosion,leading to the decline of forest plant diversity.Therefore,how to choose a suitable model for the development of local forestry and aquaculture,so as to maintain the stability of forest ecosystem while developing under forest aquaculture,has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current stage of China's under forest economic development.Jiangxi Province is located in the South Bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.It is rich in forestry resources,with the forest coverage rate higher than 63.1%.Jiangxi is also a big agricultural province,and the breeding industry plays an important role in agriculture.Therefore,how to integrate the resource advantages of Jiangxi Province,make full use of the forestry resources,and develop the cultivation under the forest is of great significance to the development of agriculture and forestry in Jiangxi Province.Taihe black chicken is a special breed of chicken in Taihe County,Jiangxi Province,which has high edible value,nutritional value and medicinal value.Therefore,this paper takes Taihe Wuji as the object to study the effect of the cultivation of the under forest Wuji on the soil nutrients and the diversity of the under forest vegetation of the Masson pine forest,in order to provide data and theoretical support for how to balance the economic development of the local farmers and the stability of the forest ecosystem,and provide scientific basis for the development of the under forest cultivation industry in China.This study was carried out in the Pinus massoniana forest of Qianyanzhou red soil hilly ecological experimental station,Chinese Academy of Sciences.In 1983,1620 m × 30 m culture quadrats were set up in the Pinus massoniana forest.Four treatments were set for the density of black chicken cultivation,which were d0(control,no black chicken cultivation in the sample plot),D1(20 black chickens cultivation in each sample plot),D2(50 black chickens cultivation in each sample plot)and D3(70 black chickens cultivation in each sample plot).Repeat 4 times for each process.During the experiment,soil samples were taken to measure soil nutrient index,soil C,N,soil available N,soil microbial respiration,soil microbial biomass C,N,soil sucrase,urease and acid phosphatase.The growth status and diversity of plants in the sample plot were investigated and surveyed in July 2017,October 2017,January 2018,April 2018,July 2018,October 2018,January 2019,April 2019 and July 2019 respectively.The results show that:(1)medium density(D2)can increase the content of soil C and N,while high density(D3)can decrease the content of soil nutrients.The effect of different density of black chicken culture on soil nutrient content was different.The content of C and N increased with the increase of culture density.When the culture density reached D3,the content of C and N decreased compared with D2,but there was no significant difference between d0,D1,D2 and D3(P > 0.05).(2)soil available nitrogen increased first and then decreased with the increase of culture density.The available nitrogen of each treatment was mainly nitrate nitrogen.Compared with the control,the content of soil available nitrogen increased first and then decreased with the increase of culture density,and reached the maximum value in D2 treatment.(3)the activity of soil microorganism increased first and then decreased with the increase of culture density.Soil microbial respiration,soil sucrase,acid phosphatase,urease activity and soil microbial biomass C,N(MBC,MBN)all increased first and then decreased with the increase of culture density of black chicken,reaching the maximum in D2 density,and then decreased with the increase of culture density.(4)there was no significant change in the species diversity of arbor.The species diversity of shrub and herb increased first and then decreased with the increase of the culture density of black chicken.Simpson index,Pielou evenness index and Shannon Wiener index of shrub and herbage all decreased with the increase of culture density,and then increased and then decreased,reaching the maximum value in medium density(D2).There was no significant change in the index of species diversity.The above results show that the appropriate density of black chicken culture under the forest can promote the improvement of soil environment and plant diversity to a certain extent,but when the density is too high,it will reduce the soil fertility and plant diversity.Therefore,the reasonable control of the density of under forest black chicken breeding is helpful to realize the win-win of ecological and economic benefits and the common development of local breeding industry and forestry development. |
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