Development Of Palygorskite-Biomass Functionalized Nutrition Lick Block

The development of livestock and poultry breeding industry in China is restricted by the traditional concept of feeding.Low-quality roughage is the main type,and the phenomenon of no-supplementary and insufficient supplementary feeding often occurs.Lick block is an important means of supplementary feeding for livestock and poultry.Its development and utilization can improve the growth performance and production performance of livestock and poultry,and provide an economical and feasible method for supplementary feeding for livestock and poultry.In this paper,based on comparison of domestic and foreign cattle and sheep breeding standards(American NRC,Chinese agricultural industry standards and local standards),formulated mineral and feed supplementary indicators for cattle and sheep,the functionalized lick blocks were prepared by compression molding method using sodium humate,biomass waste and common salt as raw materials,palygorskite and trace elements as additives.The physical and chemical properties of functionalized nutrient lick blocks were measured.The pilot was carried out and the production process was designed.The main research contents were as follows:1.Ingredients design.The mineral addition index of lick block for cattle and sheep was established after reviewing the production and processing technology of lick block at domestic and foreign,and referring the cattle and sheep feeding standards.Two ingredients of functionalized nutrient lick block were designed.Ingredients I contain of22.0-32.0%corn flour,9.0-13.0%wheat bran,8.0-12.0%rapeseed dregs,8.0-12.0%the urea,9.5-24.0%palygorskite,8.0-14.0%salt,8.0-12.0%cement,3.0-4.0%calcium oxide,2.0-5.0%calcium phosphate,0.05-0.1%taste improver and 6.5-12.0%mineral element supplements(all of mass ratio).Ingredients?contain of 20.0-25.0%edible fungus residue,10.0-15.0%Chinese prickly ash seed residue,10.0-15.0%corn flour,10-15.0%rapeseed dregs,20.0-25.0%wheat bran,2.0-5.0%palygorskite,3.0-5.0%sodium humate and 5.5-10.0%salt.2.Preparation and properties detection.The raw materials were pretreated by grinding and sieving.According to the lick block ingredients,the certain amount of materials was mixed and the lick block was prepared by the method of pressing formation.The production process of lick block was discussed.The optimized prepared condition for the ingredients I was that the water addition per block is 0.3 L/kg,and the drying temperature and time are 80?and 84 h,respectively.The optimized prepared condition for the ingredients?was that the water addition per block is 0.1 mL/g,and the drying temperature and time are 140?and 6 h,respectively.The physical properties of lick block were measured.The moisture content is 9.86%,density is 1.178g/cm~3 and crushing strength is 4.06 MPa for the lick block prepared with the ingredients I.The moisture content is 1.23%,density is 1.166 g/cm~3 and crushing strength is 4.25 MPa for the lick block prepared with the ingredients II.3.Pilot and production process design.Continuous pilot production was carried out on a hydraulic press with a scale-up scale of 10 times per single block weight based on the ingredients I.The effect of molding was investigated that the suitable hydraulic pressure is 8.0-9.0 MPa,the mixing time is 90 min,the optimum content of molasses,polygorskite clay and the salt are 2.0%,10.0%and 65.0%(demanded by enterprise),respectively.On the basis of the above preparation conditions,the production process of functionalized nutrient lick block was designed,including the mass balance calculation,equipment selection and workingshop layout design.Also,the production standard of enterprise was established.