| Objective:To investigate the state and risk factors of domestic dogs Echinococcus infections,as well as the Echinococcus infections of carnivora animals in the wild,and provide some references for the control measures of echinococcosis in such endemic areas in Qinghai Province.Method:Maqin County,a hyper-endemic county of echinococcosis,was selected as the survey point,and two townships of this county were selected by cluster random sampling.In winter,spring and autumn from November 2018 to September 2019,along the main traffic lines leading to the pastoral committees and part of remote pastoral sites,investigation questionnaires about the information of domestic dogs were conducted from all dog owners,and the faeces of each dog was collected.We detected the Echinococcus infections of the domestic dogs by PCR based on fecal DNA,and analysed the risk factors involved in dog infections by Pearson chi-square test.Carnivore feces was collected in the wild,around herdsmen's settlements,along the main traffic lines leading to the pastoral committees and part of remote pastoral sites.According to the systematic sampling method,an area of 100 m×100 m in size was taken every 2 km to collect carnivore faeces samples.PCR based on fecal DNA was used to identify species of the feces and detect fecal Echinococcus DNA to determine the infection status.Result:1 The state and risk factors of domestic dogs Echinococcus infection in Maqin County of Qinghai ProvinceA total of 86 dog households were investigated.Only 39.53%(34/86)families fed every dog with praziquantels every month regularly.90.70%(78/86)of families slaughtered livestock at home,and of these families,53.85%(42/78)fed the undercooked internal organs directly to the dogs.There were 160 dogs in total,of which 80%(128/160)were chained,and 47.50%(76/160)were fed with praziquantels every month regularly.144 feces of 144 domestic dogs were collected and tested,and the infection rate of Echinococcus of dogs was 25%(36/144),among which one case was a mixed infection of E.granulosus and E.multilocularis,and the others were infected with E.granulosus,and no dog was infected with E.multilocularis aloneThe infection rate of domestic dogs with and without regular being dosed monthly in the last six months were 21.67%(13/60)and 27.38%(23/84),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The infection rate of domestic dogs with and without regular being dosed one month prior to the sampling were 18.67%(14/75)and 31.88%(22/69),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)The infection rate of chained dogs and the infection rate of unrestrained dogs and occasionally chained dogs were 22.66%(29/128)and 43.75%(7/16),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The infection rates of dogs aged 0?1,1?5 and over 5 years groups were 39.29%(11/28),21.82%(12/55)and 21.31%(13/61),respectively,with no significant difference among the three groups(P>0.05)There were no statistically differences in infection rates among dogs of different genders,as well as different seasons and different pasture lands(P>0.05)2 Species identification and Echinococcus DNA test of carnivore faeces in the wild in Maqin County of Qinghai Province1)Species identification of carnivore faeces in the wildThe specie origins of 57(48.72%)faeces were successfully identified from 117 carnivore faeces,collected from 41 investigation points.There were 6 carnivore species,including Canis lupus familiaris,C.lupus,Vulpes Vulpes,V.ferrilata,Felis catus,Otocolobus manul and Meles meles.2)Echinococcus DNA test of carnivore faeces in the wildFecal Echinococcus DNA test results showed that,the total positive rate was 23.08%(27/117),of which 40.74%(11/27)had E.multilocularis DNA,55.56%(15/27)had E.granulosus DNA,and 3.70%(1/27)had two mixed DNAThe positive rate of 57 successfully identified feces was 24.56%(14/57).Among them,the positive rate of canine feces and felidae feces were 21.74%(10/46)and 40.00%(4/10),respectively,and one meles feces was negative.Of the 60 unidentified faeces,the positive rate was 21.67%(13/60).3)Statistical analysis of Echinococcus DNA positive fecesThe positive rates of carnivore feces in Xueshan township and Dawu township were 20.00%(12/60)and 26.32%(15/57),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The positive rates of carnivore feces in winter,spring and autumn were 20.00%(8/40),22.50%(9/40)and 27.03%(10/37),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Among 117 fecal samples,the positive rates of E.granulosus DNA and E.multilocularis DNA were 13.68%(16/1 1 7)and 10.26%(12/11 7),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion:1 The E.granulosus infection state of domestic dogs in Maqin County was still high.It was necessary to further strengthen dog deworming and livestock viscera disposal,and popularize the main control measures and technology of echinococcosis to herdsmen.In order to strengthen the implementation of dog deworming and livestock viscera disposal,health education and technical guidance on echinococcosis prevention and control should be strengthened,with the herdsmen as the key target population.2 The high Echinococcus prevalence of wild carnivores suggested that further studies on the infection patterns and preventive measures of surrounding wildlife hosts,centered on the settlements of townships in similar areas,were of practical significance in promoting the elimination of echinococcosis in such areas. |
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