| Hybrid rice seed production is the precondition of hybrid rice field production.Yancheng has excellent climate conditions,and is the most suitable region for Two-line Hybrid Rice Seed Production in China.Since 1976,when the state vigorously promoted hybrid rice,the hybrid rice seed industry has landed in Yancheng,which has become the pillar industry of Yancheng seed industry.The 42-year history of hybrid rice seed production in Yancheng City can be said to be a microcosm of the development of hybrid rice seed industry in China.From the fluctuation curve of hybrid rice seed industry in Yancheng City,we can basically see the effects of various factors.By consulting the historical archives of seed industry in Yancheng over the years and sorting out the development vein of hybrid rice seed production in Yancheng,this paper divides the 40-year history of hybrid rice seed production in Yancheng into four stages:the initial stage(1976-1982),the rapid development stage(1983-1990),the frustration and development stage(1991-1999),and the two-line system.Species Stage(2000-present)Through the research of historical files,the production situation of hybrid rice inYancheng City in recent five years was summarized and analyzed.The climate,production area,variety combination and production mode of hybrid rice seed production in Yancheng City in recent years were deeply analyzed by investigating and visiting seed production enterprises and large seed producers.It is concluded that the development of hybrid rice seed industry is mainly affected by five factors:1.Seed production benefits.In recent three years,the average production cost of hybrid rice seed production in Yancheng City was 2150 yuan/mu,and the average benefit of two-line hybrid rice seed production was 1040 yuan/mu.Although the cost of seed production increases year by year,the benefit of grain planting decreases,which is conducive to the development of seed production industry.2.Market demand.The price of hybrid rice seeds is very sensitive to the market demand.In the history of Yancheng seed production industry,there have been many times that the sudden increase of foreign demand has pushed up the local seed production industry.The development trough from 1992 to 2000 was also affected by the slump of market demand.3.Policy control.The influence of policy can be seen everywhere in the history of Yancheng seed production industry.The national reform of hybrid rice seed production mode in 1982 and the adjustment of grain structure in the whole country from 1992 to 2000 were all indirect effects of policy on market demand and seed production industry.From 2016 to 2018,the adverse trend of seed production industry is rising,and the influence of policy on industrial development can be seen more clearly.4.Meteorological factors.The seed yield of hybrid rice is greatly affected by climate.During the three-line seed production development period,Yancheng seed production industry was affected by climate for many times and its development was frustrated.After 2000,two-line seed production was more affected by temperature conditions and climate factors.In the middle of 19 years,there were 6 serious disasters,which seriously frustrated the seed production industry.5.Variety factors.The regeneration of hybrid rice varieties is very fast.Since 1999,the seed production area of two-line varieties has expanded rapidly,replacing three-line varieties.In only four years,all the dominant varieties will be replaced by new varieties.New varieties can quickly occupy the market in two to three years,and the advantages of varieties are huge.Based on the above conclusions and combined with the actual difficulties in Yancheng City,such as the lack of self-owned varieties,the reduction of rural labor force and the insecurity of two-line seed production,the paper puts forward five ways to boost seed production industry.1.Government support in many ways.The National Hybrid Rice Seed production base project has achieved remarkable results,and should continue to strive for follow-up project support.The national hybrid rice market information platform and Regional Hybrid Rice Seed Production meteorological forecast can give full play to the advantages of government information and meteorological technology,and avoid the adverse effects of market factors and meteorological factors on seed production industry.2.Actively play the role of trade associations.As an industry organization,the Hybrid Rice Seed Industry Association can take the lead in organizing seed production consortium to develop its own varieties,establish a mutual guarantee mechanism to help restore production,collect information from all parties and give full play to its professional advantages,and conduct joint consultation to enhance the voice of local enterprises.3.Further improve insurance coverage.Seed production insurance plays a good role in improving seed production enthusiasm and restoring reproduction.In view of the problems of low compensation standard,unprofessional operation and low willingness to underwrite seed insurance at present,it is suggested to establish a professional policy-oriented agricultural insurance company,improve the subject matter of insurance and establish a reinsurance mechanism.4.Vigorously promote the mechanization of seed production.In recent years,the cost of hybrid rice seed production has increased rapidly,and only four operations,sowing,transplanting,fertilizing and spraying,can save 132.15 yuan per mu,improve production efficiency and ensure the timely completion of agricultural measures.With the emergence of new technologies,UAV plant protection,UAV pollination,paternal interpolation and other technologies are gradually promoted,and the mechanization of hybrid rice seed production is gradually maturing.5.Optimize variety combination and promote variety autonomy.At present,only two local enterprises in Yancheng have their own varieties,and seed production units bear tremendous financial pressure and production risks.On the one hand,seed production units should actively expand the production area of dominant varieties;on the other hand,they should actively develop their own combinations of varieties,and at the same time,they should cooperate with scientific research units to purchase new varieties with excellent performance. |
PDF Full Text Request