Effects Of Sowing Date And Rate On Wheat Variety Zhongmai 895 In Eastern And Central Guanzhong Irrigation Area

The two-year(2016-2017 and 2017-2018)field experiment was conducted to understand effects of sowing dates and sowing rate on growth and development and quality with wheat Zhongmai 895 and the optimal design of two times D saturation with two factors of sowing date and sowing rate in Daliu country,Lintong district Xi'an city in 2016-2017 and2017-2018.These results will provide the theoretical support for the large-scale promotion of Zhongmai 895 in central and eastern Guanzhong irrigation area.The main results were as follows:1.These results showed that the sowing date and density had significant effect on the wheat Zhongmai 895 biological characters.Early sowing could improve the number of tillers per plant,leaf age of main stem,secondary rooting and plant height,and the increasing rate was following by 12.7%?233.5%,5%?80.9%,4.6%?200%,0.4%?7.8%.Under the same sowing date,low-seeding processing was beneficial to improve leaf age of main stem,and secondary root of single plant,and height of mature plant and tiller number per plant,and the increasing rate was following by 6.4%?77.4%,2.4%?28.8%,7.1%?71.4%,0.3%?1.8%.2.The results showed that sowing date and sowing rate had significant effect on the biological yield of Zhongmai 895.Among them,treatment 3(the sowing date was 5th October,the sowing rate was 188.76 kg/hm~2)had the highest biological yield at jointing stage,flag stage and flowering stage,which was 52.2%,54.7%and 32.7%higher than that of treatment 2(the sowing date was 22 October,the sowing amount was 102.96 kg/hm~2).When the sowing date was the same,the biological yield of wheat increased with the increase of sowing rate,Under the same low sowing rate,the wheat biological yield decreased significantly with the delay of sowing date,and the decreasing trend could be slowed down with increasing the sowing rate.3.The results showed that the sowing date and density significant influenced on yield and yield components of wheat Zhongmai 895.Early sowing and high sowing rate were both beneficial to increase wheat population and increase wheat yield.The yield,spike number and spike grain number were 8998.1 kg/hm~2,and 6.57×10~6/hm~2,and 31.5 grain/ear,significantly higher under treatment 3 than other treatments;treatment 5(the sowing date was 22 October,the sowing rate was 162.76 kg/hm~2)had the highest 1000 grain weight of57.2 g.When the target yield is 7500 kg/hm~2?9000 kg/hm~2,the equation is used to optimize,The suitable sowing date for high yield of wheat Zhongmai 895 was from 11th October to18th October,suitable sowing rate was from 137.79 kg/hm~2to 165.08 kg/hm~2.4.The sowing date and rate have certain influence on the quality index of wheat Zhongmai 895.Proper late sowing and proper increase of sowing rate can increase the protein content,wet gluten content,stabilization time,sedimentation value,bulk density,grain hardness,water absorption rate,tensile area and tensile resistance of wheat,and the increasing rate was following by y 1.2%?3%,y 1.2%?3.1%,6%?26.8%,3%?8.9%,0.1%?0.9%,0.9%?2.3%,0.2%?1.9%,2.5%?10.1%,0.2%?1.6%.Among them,treatment 4(the sowing date was 12 October,the sowing rate was 140.2 kg/hm~2)has better comprehensive evaluation of grain quality,and thus achieving high quality and high yield.