Investigation On Diseases And Insect Pests Of Main Minor Cereals In Huining County,Gansu Province

As an important part of agricultural production,minor cereals play an irreplaceable role in the optimization and adjustment of planting structure in arid areas.They are important economic crops in the dry-farming area,and have obvious resource advantages and production advantages.In recent years,with the development of market economy,the circulation and exchange of agricultural products in the market is frequent.Many diseases and insect pests spread with agricultural products.The occurrence of diseases and insect pests in small cereals has both regional particularity and generality.Only on the basis of understanding the local climate,soil and other environmental conditions,mastering the occurrence and development rules of diseases and insect pests,and timely taking comprehensive control measures can effectively control them Disease control and pest control.In this paper,the field investigation and literature research were used to investigate the pest status of millet,oats,millet,buckwheat and pea in the small grains planting base in Huining County,and the influencing factors were investigated and analyzed,so as to provide reference for the pest and disease modes of small coarse cereals in Huining County.The main conclusions are as follows:1.There are 13 kinds of main diseases of millet,oats,millet,buckwheat and pea in Gaoling village,Zhongchuan Town,Huining county.Among them,there are 5 kinds of damage grade IV,which are millet white hair disease,grain blast,millet anthrax,pea root rot and buckwheat Damping off;there are 5 kinds of damage grade III,which are millet black ear There are three kinds of disease,including oat smut,millet smut,millet leaf spot,pea leaf spot,buckwheat downy mildew,oat rust,millet rust,pea rust,pea rust and pea powdery mildew;there are three kinds of damage grade II,namely,millet brown spot,pea virus disease,millet red leaf disease and millet red leaf disease.2.There are 15 kinds of main pests in the small grains planting base of Gaoling village,Zhongchuan Town,Huining County,including 4 species of borers,6 species of leaf eating pests,2types of piercing and sucking pests,and 3 kinds of underground pests.There are 4 kinds of main pests with the damage grade of IV,which are,Chilo sacchariphagus,Chilo infuscatellus,Mythimna separata and chaetocnema ingenua.There are 7 species of insect pests in grade III,which were Ostrinia nubilalis,Dichocrocis punctiferalis,Spodoptera frugiperda,Locustamigratoria,Agrotis ypsilon Rottemberg,Elateridae Leach,and Gryllotalpa.The results showed that there were 4 species of pests in the second grade,namely,Spodoptera exigua Hiibne,Sesamia inferens,Locusta migratoria,Agrotis Ypsilon Rottemberg,Elateridae leach and Gryllotalpa.There were 4 main pests with grade II,namely,Spodoptera exigua Hiibner,Sesamia inferens,Cicadellidae spp.and Delphacidae spp.The results showed that the main pests that caused damage to Millet Field in Huining county were Chilo infuscatellus,Mythimna separata,Chaetocnema ingenua and Chilo sacchariphagus,with the species ratio of 19.5%,14.3%,13.1% and 9.2%,respectively.These pests would cause serious damage to millet and greatly affect the yield and quality of millet.3.For millet white hair disease,we can control the source of infection and timely late sowing to alleviate the impact of the disease;for grain blast,we can timely deal with diseased grass,collect and burn the stubble and strengthen management;for oat anthrax,we can select Anthrax Resistant Varieties,rotate planting and deep culture after harvest;for pea root rot,we can select resistant varieties.For buckwheat Damping off,deep tillage and rotation can be used to alleviate the disease.For millet smut,oat smut and millet smut,we can select disease-free seeds,crop rotation,timely pulling out diseased plants and strengthening management to alleviate millet leaf spot disease and pea leaf spot disease through seed disinfection,full fertilization and high ridge or ridge cultivation.For buckwheat downy mildew,rotation planting and strengthening field management can be used For oat rust,millet rust and pea rust,we should strengthen cultivation management,eliminate the diseased residues and increase the application of organic fertilizer.For pea powdery mildew,we can reduce it by deep culture;For millet brown leaf spot and buckwheat brown spot,early sowing,rotation planting and timely removal of pathogen plants can be used to alleviate the disease.For pea virus disease,disease-free and disease-tolerant varieties and control of virus-carrying insects can be used to alleviate.For millet red leaf disease and millet red leaf disease,field management and elimination of weeds can be carried out To relieve.For the prevention and control of pests in small grains,it is necessary to strictly implement the crop quarantine system,select disease resistant and pest resistant varieties,strengthen planting management,and combine physical control with biological and chemical control to carry out comprehensive control,so as to promote the sustainable development of small grains production.4.There are some problems in the process of rapid development of small grains,which are mainly reflected in two aspects: scattered planting and extensive management,and unsystematic pest control technology.Farmers in Gansu have no strong awareness of pest control,low awareness of pesticides and unscientific use.There is little systematic research on diseases and insect pests of small grains,and the specific application needs further verification Perfect.In viewof the problems existing in the process of planting small grains,we should further strengthen the crop quarantine system,send agricultural technical personnel to promote and implement the physical control,chemical control and biological control of diseases and insect pests of small grains to the farmers,and combine the planting experience of farmers to refine and optimize the agricultural control methods of pests and diseases of small grains,and further improve the integrated prevention and control technology In order to promote the sustainable development of small grains production,the planting process should be refined and popularized.