Analysis On The Death Patterns And Death Levels Between Urban And Rural Population In China From 2004 To 2016

ObjectiveThis study aims to research the changes in death patterns and death levels of urban and rural residents in China,analyze the disparities in the main causes of death in different areas,gender and age-specific populations,and provide scientific evidence for the formulation of precise prevention strategies and policies.MethodsThe dataset was sourced from the China Death Cause Monitoring Database(2004-2016).The causes of death were coded on International Classification of Diseases 10.The age-standardized mortality rates(ASMR)were calculated by the2010 China Population Census and the World Health Organization's World Standard Population.Annual Percentage Change(APC)and its 95%confidence interval(CI)were used to analyze the time trends of mortality rates.The LifeTables package was adopted to calculate the loss of life expectancy caused by diseases.The non-normal distribution data of two groups of independent samples was ranked by the rank sum test,and the difference in the overall frequency distribution of the two samples was analyzed by?~2 test.Test level was 0.05.Results1.The composition ratio of deaths at different ages changed from 2004 to 2016in in China,and the death rate ratios of the population aged 0-14,15-44 and 45-64were reduced.The proportion of deaths among the elderly in uban and rural aged 65and over increased from 68.0%and 62.35%to 73.48%and 71.26%,respectively.The composition ratio of male deaths is greater than females.2.All-cause ASMR in urban and rural areas of China both showed a downward trend.The APC of China ASMR were-2.01%(95%CI:-2.82%~-1.18%),-2.38%(95%CI:-3.44%~-1.31%),and WHO ASMR were-1.87%(95%CI:-2.75%~-0.98%),-2.32%(95%CI:-3.51%~-1.12%).3.From 2004 to 2016,the mortality of urban populations with lower respiratory infection,colorectal cancer,lung cancer,ischemic heart disease and hypertension increased,and suicide,nephritis and nephrosis decreased.The mortality of rural population with lung cancer,diabetes mellitus,ischemic heart disease,hypertension,and accidental falls increased,and tuberculosis,esophageal cancer,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,suicide,nephritis and nephrosis decreased.4.Chronic diseases were still the main cause of death in China in 2004-2016.Cerebrovascular disease,ischemic heart disease,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,lung cancer and liver cancer were the major deaths of the Chinese population.These diseases caused 2.44 years,1.66 years,0.95 years,0.81 years and 0.42 years of life expectancy lost for urban population,and 3.03 years,1.45 years,1.29 years,0.56years and 0.48 years of life expectancy lost for rural population.5.From 2004 to 2016,there was no statistically significant difference in the ASMR of urban and rural population in China,and the difference in crude mortality rates showed an increasing trend(APC=13.51%,95%CI:2.80%~25.34%).In 2016,the mortality rates of rural residents aged 0-14,15-44,45-64 and 65 years of age or above were higher than urban population mortality rates.Conclusions1.The composition ratio of deaths in the high-age population of China is increasing,and the proportion of deaths from chronic diseases is enlarging.Attention should be paid to the health of the elderly and the prevention of chronic diseases.2.The all-cause mortality rate of the urban and rural population in China has decreased,but the mortality rates of diseases such as colorectal cancer,lung cancer,ischemic heart disease,hypertension and diabetes mellitus have risen.It is necessary to strengthen national health education,health care,and spiritual and cultural development to cultivate healthy behaviors and lifestyle,so as to reduce disease-related risk factors.3.There are serious differences in health between urban and rural areas and between men and women.The equalization and public welfare of basic public health services need to be strengthened to promote the early realization of healthy China.