Study On Nutrients Intake Status Of Healthy Pregnant Women In Late Pregnancy And Its Influence On Newborn Birth Weight

ObjectiveTo investigate the dietary nutritional status of late pregnant women and new birth weight in Jurong Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jiangsu Province and analyse the relationship between both type and number of maternal dietary intake and new birth weight(NBW),so as to provide the scientific evidence to improve dietary and nutritional status of pregnant women and prevent the occurrence of low birth weight and fetal macrosomia.Method:Three hundred cases of pregnant women who were able to take regular prenatal examination and had complete data were selected from Jurong Maternal and Child Health Hospital.Methods of dietary survey,physical examination and laboratory examination were adopted to record both the types and the number of diets before one month of birth and birth weight,and build up follow-up files.According to the birth weight,the pregnant women were divided into normal weight group(NBW:2500-3999g),low birth weight group(LBW,NBW<2500g)and macrosomia group(LBG,NBW = 4000g).The average daily dietary intake of energy and nutrition were calculated using food composition table,and then compared with Chinese DRIs.The dietary and energy intake of pregnant women in three groups were analysed and compared.Linear correlation analysis and unconditional Logistic regression analysis were conducted to analyse body weight of newborns and dietary intake of pregnant women.Then,the relationship between the weight of newborn and the number and type of dietary nutrient intake in pregnant women were investigated.Result:1.Compared with the dietary reference intakes of Chinese residents(Chinese DRIs)formulated by the Chinese Nutrition Society in 2013,the average daily total energy,protein,fat,VitA,VitB1,VitB2,VitC,niacin,folic acid,magnesium,iron,zinc,selenium intake of the pregnant women in normal group can mostly achieve RNI,while those of the LBG group and the LBW group have low reaching rates.2.The daily dietary total energy,carbohydrate,VitB1,VitB2,zinc and selenium in the pregnant women of LBG group were higher than those of the normal weight group,and the difference was statistically significant.3.The daily dietary total energy,protein,fat,VitA,VitB2 and VitC in the pregnant women of LBW group were lower than those of the normal weight group,and the difference was statistically significant.4.There was no significant difference among the three groups of pregnant women in the proportions of daily dietary protein,fat and carbohydrates in the sources energy,indicating that the structure of heat energy supply from three major nutrients is basically the same among the three groups of pregnant women.5.Linear correlation analysis of dietary energy and nutrients of the three groups of pregnant women and neonatal weight showed that the newborns weight was positively correlated with total energy,daily dietary carbohydrate,protein,fat,VitA,VitB1,VitB2,VitC,niacin,folic acid,calcium,magnesium,iron,zinc,selenium intake.6.The Logistic regression analysis of dietary nutrients in the middle and late pregnancy LBG group showed that the excessive intake of energy and a too high BMI before pregnancy was positively related to the occurrence rate of LBG,while improving intake of Zn could reduce its occurrence rate.7.The Logistic regression analysis of dietary nutrients in the middle and late pregnancy LBW group showed that improving intake of total energy,protein,Ca and a high level of hemoglobin can reduce the occurrence rate of LBW.Additionally,appropriately increasing the body weight of pregnant women and full-term birth could be protective factors of LBW.Conclusion:1.Adverse effects on neonatal weight can occur when intake of dietary nutrients in the middle and late pregnancy is lower than or higher than that of Chinese DRIs.2.Comparison of the daily intake of nutrients and total energy in the pregnant women among the middle and late LBW group and the normal group indicated that the low birth weight infants were related to the lack of dietary nutrients in the late pregnancy.3.Late in pregnancy,daily dietary intakes of energy,carbohydrate,protein,VitB1,VitB2,zinc and selenium were associated with LBG.A too high BMI before pregnancy was positively related to the occurrence rate of LBG,and improving intake of Zn could reduce its occurrence rate.4.Improving intake of total energy,protein,Ca and a high level of hemoglobin can reduce the occurrence rate of LBW.And appropriately increasing the body weight of pregnant women and full-term birth could be protective factors of LBW.