Study On The Grade Standard And Initial Processing Technology Of Aconitum Carmichaelii Debx.

The lateral root of A.carmichaelii,which could be processed into the some commmercial varieties such as Yanfuzi,Heishunpian and Baifupian,generally are called as Fuzi..Fuzi has played an indispensable role in Chinese health for a long time.As the saying goes,“Fuzi has the effect of causing restoration from collapse”,which meant that Fuzi is widely used for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.In this study,the raw aconite samples from main producing areas of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.,such as Shaanxi,Hanzhong,Yunnan and Sichuan,were collected.The grade standard,physical and chemical indexes,effective components,content of metal elements and index of characters were analyzed,and we discussed the rationality and scientificity of grade division of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.With a reason that the raw material of Fuzi is easy to decay but difficult to store,our experiment scheme set the calcium chloride solution's concentration and immersion time of aconite root.The results provided a basis for processing of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx..1.The 34 individuals of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.samples were selected by large,medium and small heads.The samples were divided into three grades,respectively.Then the physical and chemical indexes,such as water,ash and leach,were measured respectively.The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference between three grades of Fuzi raw materials.Comprehensive comparison showed that the content of water and moisture should not exceed 6% and 4%,respectively.On the contrary,according to the method of water soluble extract,the total ash of the extract should not be less than 5.0 %.In addition,the size,shape and weight of unprocessed Fuzi from different habitats were also measured.The statistics and analysis data showed that the Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.of Yunnan origin were relatively larger than in Hanzhong,and the shape of unprocessed Fuzi in Malong County,Qujing was mostly slender branches,which owned the most distinctive shape.2.The method of Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy(GFAAS)was used to detect the content of metal elements in raw material of aconite root.Significant differences were observed in the concentrations of Mn,Cu and Cr in various habitats.The content of Cr,Mn,Co and Cu in Huize and Lanping counties reach 2 times as much as in the other raw materials of other habitats.Correlation analysis showed that,except elements Pb,the other five elements were in different degrees of relationships between each other.It indicates that the accumulation of all metal elements in Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.has mutual restriction or synergy.3.To establish a reliable and applicable quality control method,a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was used to monitor the content of ester type alkaloids in unprocessed Fuzi.The results showed that the average content of ester type alkaloids in unprocessed Fuzi was 0.604±1.33%.The highest content of ester type alkaloids was up to 0.846% in Lanping Lijiang.HPLC fingerprints of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.from 15 producing areas were established,and 7 common peaks were obtained.The similarity degree of Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprints was evaluated by the Similarity Evaluation system.The similarity was over 85%,indicated that the similarity was good.The results of cluster analysis showed that the large head aconite in one origin and the small head aconite in other areas could be grouped into a class,the result indicated that the quality of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.was related to the size and origin of the unprocessed Fuzi..Diester-diterpenoid alkaloids give a great contribution to the components of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.These two components could be optimized as markers in aconite raw materials.The content of ester type alkaloids in unprocessed Fuzi.was strongly correlated with the content of element Cu(P<0.01),indicating that the content of Cu in unprocessed Fuzi.may be related to the accumulation of the content of ester type alkaloids.4.The Excel and SPSS software were used to sort and analyze data,and discuss the scientificity and rationality of the classification of raw materials.The correlation analysis between the trait index and the total content of the ester type alkaloids was proceeded.The appearance index was extracted on the basis of field investigation and empirical classification,and the classification index and data range of unprocessed Fuzi.raw materials were obtained by factor analysis and cluster analysis.Finally,combined with the actual market situation,we initially formulated the commodity standard and grade standard of unprocessed Fuzi.based on the quantification of appearance characters.5.Determination of six Alkaloids in Fuzi.by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.The results show that when the concentration of calcium chloride aqueous solution was greater than or equal to 15 percents,the content of benzoyl neatidine,neaconitine,hypaconitine and aconitine in the aconite were decreased,and will be more obvious with the increase of concentration.The overall downward trends were gentle after 18 days,and decreases by 60-80%,20-50%,75-85% and 20-60%,respectively,after soaking for 18 days.With different concentrations of calcium chloride soak,the quality of aconite changes are different.Among them,when soaking in the calcium chloride solution containing 10%,the quality was unstable.When soaking concentration of 20% or more,the lateral root of aconite quality was more stable.The effect/toxicity ratio of Fuzi.in the process of soaking in calcium chloride solution was also changed.During the period from 18 to 24 days,the active ingredient was higher and the toxic components were less.