Comparison Of Urinary Proteomes Among Rats,Guinea Pigs And Golden Hamsters

ObjectiveFinding biomarkers is looking for measurable changes associated with the body's physiological or pathological processes.Urine,as one of the important components of body fluids,has tremendous advantages in biomarker research.The urine is not regulated by homeostasis,so the changes in the disease state of the body are better and earlier.Urine is susceptible to other factors,such as diet,sex,age,lifestyle,ethnicity,etc.Therefore,the study of urinary protein biomarkers of disease must exclude these factors.While clinical sampling cannot avoid the influence of these factors,a larger sample size is needed to balance these differences.But there are still some factors that cannot be balanced and eliminated.Therefore,the animal model with a uniform genetic background and living environment is needed to simulate the disease progression so as to find more accurate and specific disease biomarkers.In research,rat is the commonly used model animal,but it cannot be a dominant model animal for all diseases.Therefore,it is very important to establish urinaryproteomics big data in physiological state of rats and other animals,which provides a certain reference value for selecting superior animal models with different diseases.MethodsUrine samples of rats,guinea pigs,and golden hamsters were collected and cut into peptides by membrane digestion.The peptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The urinary proteins of rats,guinea pigs,and golden hamsters were compared by informatics techniques.ResultsAfter liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)identification and software analysis,the homologous proteins of adult humans were transformed by Uniprot and compared.The results showed that the urine of guinea pigs contained 340 homologous human proteins.The rat urine contained 266 homologous proteins,golden hamster urine contained 366 homologous proteins.In this study,88 proteins were identified in all of the three rats.86 proteins were unique to rats.141 proteins were unique to guinea pigs and 160 proteins were unique to golden hamsters.The software comparison and analysis found that the urine proteins involved in the three animals differ greatly in biological processes,pathways,and molecular functions.In different systems of the body,the urinary protein expression of the three animals varies greatly.ConclusionProteomics methods comparing urinary proteins of rats,guinea pigs,and golden hamsters revealed that the expression and expression levels of urinary proteins in the three kinds of animals were all different.Therefore,it is impossible to study the urinary proteomics of all diseases by using only rats to establish disease animal model.Using rats to simulate the development of all human diseases is one-sided.In each organ of each system,urinary protein expression in rats,guinea pigs,and golden hamsters is different,and they are involved in different biological processes,in which the expression of rats is the least,indicating that in the establishment of disease animal model,golden hamsters and guinea pigs were relatively more dominant.Moreover,specific to an organ of a certain system,the urine protein expression of the three animals is also different.The urinary protein expression of one animal is high and it is involved in many biological processes,then this animal may be the dominant model animal of this organ or this system.