| Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in Xiamen residents,evaluate their food intake,dietary nutrients and purine intake,analyze the male and female's dietary patterns,and explore the influencing factors of hyperuricemia.To provide new ideas and guidance for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia.Method:From April to August 2016,2439 residents over the age of 18 were selected in Siming,Huli,Xiang'an,and Haicang districts of Xiamen City by the multi-stage stratified random sampling method.General conditions surveys,dietary surveys,physical measurements,and biochemical tests were performed among volunteers who had signed informed consent.A basic questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)were separately used for general information collection and dietary survey.For physical measurements,height,weight and blood pressure were measured and the biochemical tests included blood uric acid(SUA),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and four routine blood lipid tests.The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0,and x2 tests and ANOVA analysis was used to compare the differences between count data and measurement data,respectively.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for hyperuricemia.Factor analysis was used to establish the male and female diet patterns and logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between different dietary patterns and hyperuricemia.Futhermore,unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between hyperuricemia and other factors.763 people newly diagnosed with hyperuricemia in the survey were selected as the case group and the 1:1 frequency matching method was used to select the age and gender-matched control groups.A test probability level a=0.05 was assumed.Results:(1)The prevalence of HUA in the survey population was 26.7%,and the male and female prevalence were 28.4%and 25.5%,respectively.In the male,the prevalence of young people and elderly people are higher than middle-aged people;there is no difference in the prevalence of women between 18-50 years old,but the prevalence of women after 50 years was rapidly increased.The overall prevalence trend gradually increased with age(P=0.003).There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of HUA among different nationalities,places of residence,culture,average monthly income,physical workers,and smoking and drinking group.The prevalence of HUA was higher in those who combine with mixed hyperlipidemia,overweight,obesity,hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension.In the HUA group,the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia,mixed hyperlipidemia,overweight,obesity and hypertension was higher than that in non-HUA group.(2)The intake of cereals,potato and poultry meat in the survey population exceeded the amounts of energy recommended;the consumption of eggs and fish,shrimp,crabs and shellfish had reached over 80%of the recommended amounts;the consumption of fruits,vegetables and milk has only reached about 30%of the recommended amounts.The average energy intake reached 88.7%of the RNI.The average protein intake reached 107.2%of the RNI,and the energy supply ratio was 13.9%in the recommended energy supply ratio 10%to 15%range.The average fat intake reached 119.9%of the RNI,and the energy supply ratio 33.8%was slightly higher than the recommended energy ratio 20%to 30%.The average intake of carbohydrates reached 82.0%of the RNI,the energy supply ratio 55.5%was in the recommended energy ratio 50%to 65%range.Other micronutrient intakes are in a state of deficiency.(3)The average total purine intake in the survey population was(455.19±4.87)mg,and the average total purine intake in men was(521.75±9.23)mg higher than that in women(413.23±5.11)mg,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.001).Among animal foods,the highest contribution rate of purine was meat and poultry,which was 30.3%,followed by fish,shrimp,crab and shellfish,which was 17.9%.The milk had the lowest contribution rate,which is 0.1%.In plant foods,the highest contribution rate of purine was grain and potato foods at 26.3%,followed by vegetables,which was 9.1%.The contribution rates of pulses,algae,nuts,and fruits were 8.8%,4.8%,0.8%,and 0.6%,respectively.Compared with the low-purine consumption group,the intake of cereals and eggs was lower and the intake of vegetables,bacteria,algae,poultry,fish,crabs,shellfish,and beans was more than that in the high-purine consumption group.(4)In the male survey population,five dietary patterns were obtained from the factor analysis:vegetable meat model,coastal model,fruit egg milk model,beverage staple food model,and liquor model;after adjusting for confounding factors,the vegetable meat model was the risk factor of hyperuricemia.The OR value for Q3:Q1 was 1.501(1.003,2.248).In the female survey population,five dietary patterns were obtained from the factor analysis,including the main predatory meat model,the egg-milk aquatic product model,the fruit and vegetable model,the snack food model and the beverage model;after adjusting the confounding factors,the fruit and vegetable model was the protection factor of hyperuricemia.Q3:Q1's OR values was 0.656(0.481,0.895).(5)12 factors that are associated with hyperuricemia were screened by univariate logistic regression analysis in case-control study.After adjusting confounding factors(incomes,BMI,and hypertension),multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fruit intake was a protective factor for the prevalence of hyperuricemia,OR=0.982(0.978,0.985);VB12 intake was protective Factors,OR=0.932(0.881,0.987);and VE intake was a protective factor,OR=0.990(0.981,0.999).Fish,shrimp,crab shellfish intake was risk factor,OR = 1.003(1.001,1.005).Conclusion:(1)The prevalence of hyperuricemia in Xiamen residents is high;(2)The prevalence of the male in the age groups of 18?,30?and over 60 yeas old and the female population after the age of 50 were relatively high;(3)The prevalence of HUA was higher in people with high BMI,hypertension,and dyslipidemia;on the other hand,the prevalence of overweight,obesity,hypertension,and dyslipidemia were higher in people with HUA;(4)Men who eat more meat will increase the risk of hyperuricemia.They should eat less meat and pay attention to control foods containing high fat and high purine especially hypoxanthine.Women who eat more fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of hyperuricemia,they should eat fresh fruits and vegetables and beans regularly.(5)The influencing factors of hyperuricemia in Xiamen residents include age,income,BMI,hypertension,dyslipidemia,and dietary factors.In prevention and treatment,we should focus on those who are overweight,obesity,hypertension,and dyslipidemia,and develop different interventions according to gender. |
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