Epidemiological Study Of Valvular Heart Disease In Young And Middle-aged People In Hubei Province

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of valvular heart disease in young and middle-aged people in Hubei Province,and analyze the risk factors associated with valvular heart disease,so as to provide a reference for assessing the burden of valvular heart disease and formulating appropriate prevention and control strategies.Methods: The data were derived from the epidemiological survey of valvular heart disease in Chinese population(Hubei).A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to survey natural populations aged 15~85 years old in Wuhan,Jingzhou,Shiyan and Enshi from September 2012 to September 2015.The contents of the questionnaire mainly included the basic conditions,the symptoms associated with heart valve disease,dietary conditions,living environment and physical examination.A total of 20006 valid questionnaires were obtained,of which 17500 were young and middle-aged people aged 15~64 years.A descriptive analysis of the baseline conditions of the study subjects was conducted.The univariate analysis was performed on the demographic characteristics,dietary conditions,living conditions,and disease history that may be related to the valvular heart disease.The factors that are significant in the univariate analysis were included in the Logistic regression model for multivariate analysis.Results:(1)The prevalence of valvular heart disease in young and middle-aged people in Hubei Province was 0.53%,and the prevalence was 0.56% after standardization of age.(2)Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of valvular heart disease among different demographic characteristics,different disease histories,and different dietary conditions.The prevalence of women(0.75%)was higher than that of men(0.31%)(P<0.0001).The highest prevalence in people aged 55~64 was 1.98%,and the prevalence was different in different age groups(P<0.0001).The prevalence of Han(0.46%)was lower than that(0.90%)of other ethnic groups(P=0.0029).The prevalence of people with a family history of cardiovascular disease(0.87%)was slightly higher than that(0.48%)of no family history of cardiovascular disease(P=0.0201).The prevalence of people with a history of hypertension(2.29%)was significantly higher than that(0.41%)of without hypertension(P<0.0001).The prevalence of people with a history of dyslipidemia(1.74%)was significantly higher than that(0.51%)of no history of dyslipidemia(P = 0.0018).The prevalence of people with a regular consumption of animal foods,pulses and dairy foods was low at 0.42% and 0.36% respectively(P<0.05).The prevalence was high at 1.10%,1.75%,1.03%,1.62% and 1.21% respectively among the population with education level of junior high school and below,farmer,household monthly income of less than 2000 yuan,smoking cessation and drinking at least once a day(P<0.05).(3)The results of multivariate analysis showed that age,education level,occupation,and a history of hypertension were influence factors for valvular heart disease.For every 10 years of age,the risk of valvular heart disease increased by 0.972 fold(OR=1.972,95%CI: 1.514~2.569).Compared with those whose education level is junior high school and below,the risk of valvular heart disease was lower in that of high school/secondary school(OR=0.439,95% CI: 0.206~0.933).Compared with farmers,occupational workers had a lower risk of valvular heart disease(OR=0.262,95% CI: 0.116~0.593).The risk of valvular heart disease in people with a history of hypertension was 1.705 times that of without hypertension(OR=1.705,95%CI: 1.054~2.758).(4)Patients with valvular heart disease had higher frequency of fatigue,chest tightness and palpitation,55.91%,49.46%,and 48.39%,respectively.Palpitation of the neck,angina pectoris,cough/hemoptysis,lower extremity edema and syncope symptoms occurred at a lower frequency of 5.38%,17.20%,18.28%,20.43% and 30.11%,respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of valvular heart disease is low in young and middle-aged people in Hubei Province.The prevalence of valvular heart disease is significantly different in people with different demographic characteristics,different dietary habits,and different disease histories.Age,education,occupation,and a history of hypertension are influence factors for valvular heart disease in young and middle-aged people.In the formulation of prevention and control strategies,we should focus on rural areas,improve the education level of local residents,increase the popularity of knowledge related to valvular heart disease,improve the local living environment and medical level,and prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.