The Impact Of Smoking On Human Beta Defensin 2,3 In Gingival Tissue Of Patients With Periodontitis

ObjectiveIn recent years,Because of the abuse of antibiotics,the number of drug-resistant strains is increasing.Human ? defensin(human beta defensin hBD)is one of the natural antimicrobial peptides produced by the immune system.It has a direct killing effect on pathogenic microorganisms,and it can activate the immune response of the organism itself and improve the immune activity of the organism.HBD-2,hBD-3 is produced by oral epithelial cells,which are directly involved in oral antibacterial,antiviral and epithelial cell immune defense.Periodontitis is one of the common oral diseases,and smoking is an important factor to induce periodontitis,and its pathogenesis is unknown.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and periodontitis by observing the expression of ? defensin 2 and ? defensin 3 in gingival tissue of healthy periodontal population,non smoking and smokers with periodontitis,and to provide theoretical basis for clinical work.Materials and MethodsTwenty cases of periodontal tissue in the healthy group(group A),non-smoking periodontitis group(group B)and smoking periodontitis group(group C)were collected respectively.Paraffin sections of gingival tissue in group A,B and C were made and stained with HE to observe the morphological characteristics of gingival epithelium under inflammatory condition of healthy gingiva and periodontitis.At the same time,the distribution and expression of hBD2 and hBD3 in gingival tissue were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Image-Pro Plus 6.0.The distribution and expression of hBD3 in gingival tissue were analyzed statistically.Results1.hBD2 was expressed in gingival tissues of all three groups,and the positive staining area was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells.The positive areas were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm near the granular layer of the spinous layer.The strong staining areas were banded or flaky,but no obvious staining was found in the basal cells.The positive areas were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of the spinous layer near the granular layer.The order of its concentration expression was from strong to weak:Periodontal health group>non-smoking periodontitis group>smoking periodontitis group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).2.hBD3 was also expressed in gingival tissues of the three groups,and the positive staining area was also mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells.The positive areas were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm near the granular layer of the spinous layer.The strong staining areas were banded or flaky,but no obvious staining was found in the basal cells.The positive areas were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of the spinous layer near the granular layer.The order of its concentration expression from strong to weak was also Periodontal health group>non-smoking periodontitis group>smoking periodontitis group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).3.Compared with non-smoking periodontitis group,the expression intensity of hBD2 and hBD3 in smoking periodontitis group was significantly lower than that in non-smoking periodontitis group(P<0.05).4.Compared with each group,there was no significant difference in the expression intensity of hBD2 and hBD3 in the gingival tissue,with no statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusions1.hBD2 and hBD3 have relatively high expression intensity in healthy gingival tissue epithelium,but their expression intensity decreases in periodontitis,and hBD2 and hBD3 have protective effects in periodontitis lesions.2.Smoking further weakens the expression of hBD2 and hBD3 in the gingival tissue,reduces the body's defense ability,promotes the further development of periodontitis and has a negative impact on patients.