Study On The Status Quo And Influencing Factors Of Healthy Life Quality Of The Elderly In Nanjing Communities

The global population is entering an aging phase.The number and proportion of the elderly in almost every country in the world is increasing.By 2050,the number of the elderly will rise to nearly 2 billion,accounting for 22%of the population,according to the United Nations Population Fund.As the country with the largest number of senior citizens in the world,China presents the characteristics of rapid progress,large scale and imbalance.The health status of the elderly population is not optimistic.The number of the disabled and semi-disabled elderly has increased dramatically.At present,the number of the disabled and partially disabled elderly is close to 40 million,and that of the completely disabled elderly has reached 10million.With the accelerated aging of the population,chronic diseases have become a major problem influencing the health of the elderly.According to incomplete statistics,the number of people with chronic diseases in China is close to 150 million.The health of the elderly is a key issue in the development of an aging society.Health is the basic condition for ensuring the independence and participation in the society of the elderly.Without the health of the elderly,there will be no health for all,and it will not be possible to achieve a well-off society in an all-round way.To improve the healthy life quality of the elderly symbolizes the social civilization and progress,and also is an important content of active aging.Objective:This paper investigates the health-related life quality of the elderly in Nanjing communities,understands the status quo of health-related life quality of the elderly in Nanjing communities,and analyzes the factors influencing the health of the elderly from the perspectives of demographic characteristics,the prevalence of chronic diseases and health behavior.In order to effectively improve the life quality of the elderly,raise their health awareness and independent life ability and avoid the negative factors influencing the health of the elderly,this paper finally puts forward effective suggestions in combination with the willingness of the elderly for pension needs,so as to provide a scientific basis for achieving healthy aging.Methods:The survey on the healthy life quality of the elderly,using the method of questionnaire survey in the communities,includes demographic factors of the elderly(gender,age,educational level,etc.),and the five-dimensional scale of healthy life quality(mobility,self-care,usual activity,pain/discomfort,and anxiety/depression),chronic disease status(whether or not suffering from chronic diseases,what kind of chronic diseases,etc.),and healthy behaviors(including smoking,drinking,physical exercise,etc.).Epidata3.1 is used for data entry and SPSS24.0 software is used for statistical analysis.The scores of EQ-5D scale are converted by the formula of Chinese EQ-5D health utility.Descriptive analysis is used and~2 test and analysis of variance are used for single factor analysis.The measurement data are expressed as((3?±S)and the counting data are expressed as relative numbers.Mann-Whitney U rank sum test is used for two classification data which do not obey normal distribution.The multi-classification data are examined by Kruskal-Walls H test.Logistic regression analysis is used for multi-factor analysis.The test standard takes the difference of P<0.05 as statistical significance.Results:1.The scores of EQ-5D and EQ-VAS are 0.85 and 69.20,respectively,among which EQ-VAS score is lower than the average score of urban population in the Fourth National Health Service Survey,indicating that the elderly are not optimistic about their healthy life quality.2.In the five dimensions of healthy life quality in EQ-5D scale,the proportion of"no problem"in all five dimensions is higher than that of"with problems",except for"pain/discomfort",the proportion of"no problem"in other dimensions is higher than 70%;the health status of the elderly is different in different dimensions.The proportion of"with problems"in the dimensions of"pain/discomfort"and"mobility"is high,which are main health problems faced by the elderly at present.3.76.55%of the elderly suffer from chronic diseases.In the distribution of chronic diseases,hypertension,diabetes,heart disease and cerebrovascular disease have become the main diseases influencing the health of the elderly.57.54%of the elderly have two or more chronic diseases at the same time,and the proportion of"comorbidity"is higher.4.Among the elderly,48.47%select family pension,29.55%select institutional pension,and 21.98%chose community pension.For selecting the type of pension institutions,58.08%select state-run/public large-scale pension institutions,and57.06%select an acceptable pension fee of less than RMB3,000 per month.The majority of the elderly tend to be in public and low-cost institutions.5.In the single-factor analysis of healthy life quality with different demographic characteristic and health behavior of the elderly,such factors as age,marital status,educational level,employment status,number of exercise per week and whether there is health counseling are the influencing factors of healthy life quality(P<0.05).The Logistic regression analysis of EQ-5D five-dimensional scale shows that the healthy life quality of the elderly with younger age,high education level,non-smoking,no chronic diseases,physical exercise,physical examination and counseling behavior is better than that of others.Conclusions:1.The self-rating score of healthy life quality of the elderly is low,indicating that the elderly are not optimistic about their own healthy life quality.2.The prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly is relatively high,and the phenomenon of"comorbidity"is prominent,in which hypertension,diabetes,heart disease and cerebrovascular disease become the main diseases influencing the health of the elderly.3.Family pension is the main means of caring the elderly.In the selection of pension institutions,the majority of elderly tend to select public and low-cost institutions,and are eager to have a family-style,humanistic care services.4.Among the factors influencing the healthy life quality of the elderly,the healthy life quality of the elderly with younger age,married(not widowed and divorced),high education level,retirement status,non-smoking,non-chronic diseases,more exercise times per week and physical examination,and counseling behavior is better than that of others.