| BackgroundsInfectious diseases refer to the diseases are caused by various pathogens which can be transmitted between humans,animals or between humans and animals.Since the infectious diseases will pose serious threats to people’s health and even life through mutual infection,they have been strictly controlled and managed in the countries around the world.The infectious disease has become one of the major threats to human health.The epidemic of infectious diseases has been regionally characterized.As the southernmost province in China,Hainan is the only province in the tropical and subtropical region.Hainan is also an independent free trade zone established by the State Council.With pleasant climate,there are a larger number of tourists who come here every year.Therefore,the epidemic of infectious diseases is significantly different from that in other provinces in China.Compared with other public places,the hospital is a special place where the epidemic of infectious diseases is more likely to occur as there are a high concentration of people,a wide variety of diseases and many critically ill patients.Syphilis,hepatitis C,hepatitis B and AIDS are collectively referred to as four infectious diseases which are also known as four items of blood transfusions.It is an experiment to detect whether patients are infected with the related pathogenic infections such as hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and Treponema pallidum(TP).Since blood transfusion safety directly affects the treatment and rehabilitation of recipients,it is necessary to detect common indicators of bloodborne infectious diseases for pre-operation,severe anemia and prevention of excessive blood loss during surgery as well as the biosafety of medical workers.In recent years,the state has strengthened the awareness of infectious diseases in the country.The public has also got a clearer understanding of these infectious diseases.The epidemic trend of these infectious diseases has changed significantly compared with that in the previous years.Therefore,it is very necessary to conduct epidemiological analysis of common infectious diseases in large general hospitals in order to better understand the prevalence of infectious diseases within hospitals,to better protect the lives of patients and medical workers and to avoid disputes between doctors and patients.Materials and MethodsThrough a retrospective collection of the laboratory test results of all inpatients TP,HCV,HIV and HBsAg in Haikou People’s Hospital from 2011 to 2017,this study has analyzed the changes in different years,ages,genders and departments.The chi-square test is used to analyze the statistical results.Results1.Annual Epidemic TrendsIn 2011-2017,there were a total number of 176,936 samples tested.There were 27,370 antibody positive cases of one or more common infectious diseases.The positive rate was 15.47%.Among them,there were 5681TP antibody positive cases,1783 HCV antibody positive cases,20977 HBsAg antigen positive cases and 256 HIV antibody positive cases.The positive rates were respectively 3.21%,1.01%,11.86%and 0.14%.In 2011-2017,there were 18,000 cases,24,236 cases,26,152 cases,26,116 cases,26,222 cases,27,505 cases and 58505 cases tested.The number of antibody positive cases of one or more common infectious diseases was 3163 cases,3942 cases,4120 cases,3974 cases,3845 cases,4016 cases and 4310 cases,the positive rates were 17.57%,16.27%,15.75%,15.22%,14.66%,14.60%and 15.01%,showing a trend of first falling and then rising;the number of TP antibody positive cases was 631 cases,793 cases,945 cases,841 cases,817 cases,824 cases and 830 cases.The positive rates were 3.51%,3.27%,3.61%,3.22%,3.12%,3.00%,2.89%,showing a trend of first rising and then falling;the number of HCV antibody positive cases was 215 cases,272 cases,283 cases,265 cases,262 cases,193 cases,293 cases,the positive rates were respectively 1.91%,1.12%,1.08%,1.01%,1.00%,0.70%,1.02%,showing a trend of first falling and then rising;the number of HBsAg antigen positive cases was 2454 cases,3049 cases,3053 cases,3030 cases,3162 cases,2984 cases and 3245 cases.The positive rates were 13.63%,12.58%,11.67%,11.60%,11.50%,11.38%and 11.30%,showing a slowly decreasing trend year by year.The number of HIV antibody positive cases was 16 cases,24 cases,29 cases,32 cases,45 cases,40 cases and 70 cases.The positive rates were respectively 0.089%,0.099%,0.111%,0.123%,0.172%,0.145%and 0.244%,showing a wavy upward trend.There were significant differences in the distribution of positive rates in different years.2.Gender DistributionIn 2011-2017,there were a total of 91,261 men and 85,756 women were tested.There were 15,732 cases of antibody positive male patients with one or more common infectious diseases and 11,638 cases of antibody positive female patients with one or more common infectious diseases.The positive rates were respectively 17.24%and 13.58%;among them,there were 3826 cases of TP antibody positive male patients with a positive rate of 4.19%and 1855 cases of TP antibody positive female patients with a positive rate of 2.17%;There were 1353 cases of HCV antibody positive male patients with a positive rate of 1.48%and 430 cases of HCV antibody positive female patients with a positive rate of 0.50%;There were 11318 cases of HBsAg antigen positive male patients with a positive rate of 12.40%and 9659 cases of HBsAg antigen positive female patients with a positive rate of 11.27%;there were 230 cases of HIV antibody positive male patients with a positive rate of 0.25%and 26 cases of HIV antibody positive female patients with a positive rate of 0.03%.Male positive rates were significantly higher than female positive rate.3.Age DistributionIn 2011-2017,the highest positive rate of one or more common infectious disease antibody was 20.01%in 60-79 age group,while the lowest positive rate was 1.21%in 0-19 age group.The highest positive rate of TP antibody,HBsAg antigen and HIV antibody were respectively 4.08%,12.68%and 0.375%in 20-39 age group,.The highest positive rate of HCV antibody was 2.09%in the group over 80 years old.The lowest positive rates of TP antibody,HCV antibody and HBsAg antigen were respectively 0.53%,0.12%and 9.22%in 0-19 age group.The lowest positive rates of HIV antibody were 0.033%in the group over 80 years old.4.Department DistributionThe highest positive rate of one or more common infectious diseases was 28.19%in the supervision and treatment department,while the lowest positive rate was 8.43%in the department of paediatrics.Among them,the highest positive rate of TP antibody was 5.65%in respiratory medicine department;the highest positive rate of HCV antibody was 12.47%in supervision and treatment department;the highest positive rate of HBsAg antigen was 15.83%in infections department;the highest positive rate of HIV antibody was 5.33%in supervision and treatment department,followed by gastrointestinal surgery department with a positive rate of 0.63%.The lowest positive rates of TP antibody,HCV antibody and HBsAg antigen were respectively 0.90%,0.20%and 7.52%in the department of paediatrics.HIV antibody positive was not found in the department of pediatrics,the radiology intervention department,the rehabilitation medicine department,nephropathy and rheumatology department,hematology department and department of traditional Chinese medicine.Conclusion1.With the government’s increasing publicity and education in the country,the enactment of the blood transfusion law and the implementation of a series of policies such as free hepatitis B vaccine,the positive rate of infectious diseases had been declining from 2011 to 2016.However,it began to increase in 2017.Therefore,more attention should be paid to continuously strengthen preventive education in case that all previous efforts are wasted.2.The positive rate of TP and HBsAg has been decreasing year by year.However,HCV and HIV have both presented a growth trend in recent years.It is necessary to pay attention to strengthen the preventive education of these two infectious diseases,especially the preventive education of HIV.3.From the perspective of gender,men are a high-risk group of infectious diseases.Therefore,when propagating the preventive education,more attention should be given to them;4.From the view of age,people aged 20-39 is a highly infected group of various infectious diseases.When carrying out the prevention education,more attention should be paid to them.5.From the department distribution,the department of supervision and treatment and the Infections department are high-risk departments for infectious diseases.In addition,the respiratory medicine department and the gastrointestinal surgery department are also the departments that need to be focused on and receive enough attention to prevent multiple infections. |
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