The Career Research About Imperial Physicians In Emperor Guangxu

The Guangxu dynasty was the final stage of the Qing dynasty.This study examined the career of imperial physicians In Emperor Guangxu.which not only revealed the organizational structure and system of the imperial academy of medicine,but also gave a glimpse of the imperial academy’s medical activities in the late Qing Dynasty.This is also an important part of the study of palace history and modern history.At present,the research on imperial physicians is scattered in the related books and papers.The research is very rare in the study of imperial physicians as a group.This study based on the ’Record of peerage in the Qing Dynasty" as the main research resource,including "Juezhi Quan Lan",’Daqing Jin Shen","Juezhi Quan Han" and other materials The hospital’s official list was collected in a comprehensive and systematic manner.The data of 213 senior doctors in Guangxu Dynasty were collected,totaling 9,114,and a database of imperial physicians was established,which is used to achieve quantitative description of their occupational experience.A total of the 4,050 cases were collected from the Emperor Guangxu in the "Qing Palace Medical Case Integration",which was compared with the database of imperial physicians in order to research the medical treatment activities of the imperial physicians of different ranks and the medical treatment inclination of the royal family.This research has achieved the following results:(1)Define the different concepts of imperial physiciansIn the past,the definition of the names of imperial physicians in the academic circles was not clear enough,and there were many mixed use of different concepts of imperial physicians.For example,in some works,the folk doctors recommended by local officials is also called imperial physicians.From this study,it can be known that the Taiyi should be refered to the medical officers who are working in the imperial academy of medicine,and the Yuyi is the highest technical title of imperial physicians.It is recommended that the use of the word ’Yuyi’ should be cautious in the future,confirming that the doctor was working in the imperial academy of medicine,and promoted to the highest rank of imperial physician,then he can be called "Yuyi."(2)A comprehensive discussion of the regulation of the imperial academy of medicineInvestigated the affiliation,organizational setup,official rank,staffing and the rules of rite of the imperial academy of medicine,expounded the regulations of examination,selection,promotion,education of imperial physicians,and the official system of court dress and salary,explained their work and promotion environment.This paper,for the first time,give the actual number of incumbency personnel of imperial academy of medical over the 34 years of Emperor Guangxu.(3)Analyze the geographical distribution of imperial physicians in Emperor GuangxuThe majority of imperial physicians are from Zhili province as well as its neighboring pro vinces,accounting for 8 5.7%,and there were fewer imperial physicians from other provinces.According to the place of origin,the coincidence of migration trajectories of household registration,and the relevance of the name of the imperial physicians,this paper suggests that the tendency of medical family inheritance is comparatively obvious.(4)Study the academic composition of the imperial physiciansThe highest education qualification of imperial physicians in emperor Guangxu is Juren,as well as Gongsheng,Jiansheng,and Shengyuan.They account for a relatively low proportion in imperial physicians,totaling 18 people.Among them,44%were promoted to the rank of uyi or above,and this value is obviously higher than that of the imperial physicians without academic qualification.Meanwhile,the educationcal background of imperial physicians has certain advantages in selection stage.(5)Investigate the promotion path and law of the imperial physiciansNormaly,the lowest rank of imperial physicians,Yinshi,promoted to nine grades of rank,eight grades of rank and Yuyi,respectively,need to use 7.9 years,4 years,7.5 years,that means the imperial physicians promoted to Yuyi will take about 20 years,however there are also exceptive promotion and fast-stracker.(6)Write the professional resume of imperial physiciansIncluding the resumes of all 213 imperial physicians who have served in Emperor Guangxu and occupational brief biography of four president(Yuanshi),nine vice president(Yuanpan),and 20 directors.Besides,this paper has tracked the death years of four presidents and vice presidents,supplied some lifetime materials of imperial physicians in Emperor Guangxu,correctedsome errors inreferencebooks,furthermore,provided new informations about medical figures.(7)Study the diagnosis and treatment of the imperial physicians and the royal family’s inclination about choosing imperial physiciansThrough a comparative study of the imperial physicians and their medical records,the medical activities of the imperial physicians at various ranks were examined.It was found that the imperial physicians who participated most in the medical activities was those at the rank of Yuanpan.Although Yuyi had the highest technical function,but not everyone have the opportunity to diagnose the royal family.Based on the statistical analysis of all the medical records in Emperor Guangxu,this paper quantitatively analyzed the royal family’s inclination about choosing imperial physicians,found the combination of imperial physicians,the opportunity’s difference in imperial physicians and the status’s difference in royal family during the medical activity.In conclusion,the material used in this study has not been used in the previous similar research,which is called ’Record of peerage in the Qing Dynasty’.This paper is the first to use information technology to analyze and process medical figures’ data,thus there are innovations in both materials and methods.The research results filled the gaps in the research of the imperial physicians’ group and provided new materials for the court medicine and medical research in the Qing Dynasty.