| In this paper,the heavy metal nickel content of Chinese herbal medicine and soil in Anguo was analyzed.The export quantity and country of Chinese herbal medicine in Anguo were calculated by Excel during 2016,2017 and the first half of 2018.The wet digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry were used to determine the nickel content in the hundreds of exported herbals of Anguo,the eight major herbals of Anguo,and the six herbals of Honeysuckle,Chrysanthemums,astragalus,salvia miltiorrhiza,licorice,hazelnuts,which grown in different areas.The bound forms of heavy metal nickel in the eight major Chinese herbal medicine of Anguo were analyzed by tessier method.After microwave digestion,the nickel content of soil growing the eight major Chinese herbal medicine in Anguo was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.According to the theoretical formula of the heavy metal maximum limit in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the nickel limit requirement in the standard of margarine,the results of heavy metal nickel in Chinese herbal medicine were evaluated.This paper is divided into five chapters.In the first chapter of the thesis,the research background and ideas are briefly introduced.The problem of heavy metals in Chinese herbal medicine has restricted the export of Chinese herbal medicines.To ensure the quality of Chinese herbal medicine,the contents of lead,cadmium,mercury,arsenic and copper have been limited in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Nickel is one of the essential trace elements in the human body.However,excessive nickel has certain toxicity,such as respiratory allergies,DNA damage,immunity and neurotoxicity.The heavy metal nickel has been monitored in many countries,which reflects that the problem of heavy metal nickel cannot be ignored.Effective measures should be taken to control the content of heavy metal nickel and avoid the trade barriers of export.In the second chapter of the thesis,the Anguo export situation of Chinese herbal medicines in recent three years are counted.The total export volume of herbals in Anguo was11,853,000 kg（$71.1 million）,12,902,000 kg（$76.4 million）and 563,000 kg（$31.6 million）including 286,000 kg（2.4%）,272,000 kg（2.1%）and 144,000 kg（2.6%）of the eight major Chinese medicines in 2016,2017 and the first half of 2018,respectively.They were mainly exported to South Korea,Japan,Germany and Taiwan.In the third chapter of the thesis,the content of heavy metal nickel in one hundred kinds（516 samples）of Chinese medicine and six Chinese traditional medicines of different producing areas are compared.The results show that reference to the food safety mandatory standard in the limit of artificial cream nickel[51](≤1 mg·kg-1),the content of nickel less than1 mg·kg-1was 232 samples（45%）.The content ranging from 1 mg·kg-1to 5 mg·kg-1was 268samples（45%）and the content of 16 samples was greater than 5 mg·kg-1（3%）among the 516samples.Classify with different medication sites,the concentration of nickel in whole grasses,flowers and leaves was relatively high,while fruit,branches and skin of flesh was relatively low.The content of heavy metal nickel in marine drugs is high,and the content of animal drug leeches is low.Based on calculating the theoretical limits of 25 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials,oyster（100%）,scutellaria（71%）,honeysuckle（53%）,oyster shell（50%）,seaweed（50%）,dandelion（33%）,salvia（33%）,chuanxiong（20%）and ginseng（18%）have higher over-limit rates.Among the six Chinese herbal medicines collected from different provinces,the content of nickel in honeysuckle,chrysanthemum and scutellaria was higher,and that of sorghum,licorice and salvia miltiorrhiza was lower.There was a big difference in nickel content between them.The content of nickel in the six Chinese medicines in Anguo has a medium level.In the fourth chapter of the thesis,the nickel contents of the eight major Chinese herbal medicine and soil collected from Anguo are determined.The nickel content of soil was 16mg·kg-128 mg·kg-1and pH is between 6.5 and 7.5.Under this pH condition,it does not exceed the national soil environmental standard of 100 mg·kg-1,and the soil environment is safe.The nickel content of the eight major herbals was from 0.21 mg·kg-1to 2.15 mg·kg-1.In the fifth chapter of the thesis,the forms of the eight major Chinese herbal medicine in Anguo are investigated.angelica,trichosanthin,yam,schizonepeta,and chrysanthemum are relatively high of the three forms of iron-manganese oxide bound state,organic state and residual state in sable,.The radix glehniae and coix seed have relatively high aqueous solution,ion exchange state and carbonate-bound state.In summary,at present,the situation of heavy metal nickel pollution in Chinese herbal medicines is not optimistic,and effective measures must be taken.We should strictly control the quality and the nickel content from the source.We should standardize the collection,processing and storage of Chinese herbal medicines.We should establish a risk assessment system and improve the regulatory system to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medicinal materials and expand exports. |
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