Effect Of Polyene Phosphatidylcholine On Intestinal Microflora And Liver Lipid Metabolism

PPC is a major active ingredient of essential phospholipids,which mainly extracted from soybeans,and has a similar structure with PC.PPC is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid and shows a higher bioavailability and affinity when compared with PC.Currently,it has widely used to treat various types of hepatopathy clinically and serves an essential bio-function in repair of damaged hepatic cell membrane.In 2011,Wang and his collegues first found that microbiota metabolism of dietary PC and choline to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease pathogenesis.However,we found that the effect of PPC intaked on intestinal flora was rarely reported.Therefore,this paper investigated the impact of PPC on the intestinal flora in C57BL/6J mice,and tested the content of TMAO in the mice plasma after PPC treatment.It will provides a new experimental evidence and theoretical basis for clinical safety application and new physiological functions of PPC.By analyzing the 16 S RNA of fecal microbes,we found that PPC treatment could altered gut microbiota compisition,increased the abundances of TMA/TMAO producing bacteria(e.g.Clostridium,Clostridium,Ruminococcus)and TMA decomposing bacteria(e.g.Pseudomonas,Desulfovibrio),but it did not affected TMAO synthesis and FMO3 expression levels.Meanwhile,consumption of PPC could improved the indicators of intestinal inflammation,which significantly increased the content of fecal acetic acid,and reduced the level of plasma LPS.As a clinical liver protection drug,PPC was mainly absorbed in the small intestine and circulateed to the liver to play a role.Recent studies have shown that PPC could significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and the levels of liver TG,FFA,and FAS,which was associated with improved fatty acid metabolism.Based on previous research,we found that the effect of PPC intaked on fatty acid transport related proteins in liver fatty acid metabolism was rarely reported.Therefore,we further studied the effects of PPC on fatty acid metabolism in the liver.Results indicated that PPC could significantly reduced the contents of FFA and TG in liver,improved fatty acid composition and directly inhibited the expression of fatty acid metabolism enzymes(e.g.FATP5?L-FABP?CD36?FASN and CPT1A).In addition,we analyzed the correlation between intestinal microflora,metabolites and fatty acid metabolizing enzymes,the result indicated that PPC could affected the abundance of fatty acid uptake,synthesis and oxidase expression related bacteria.Meanwhile,we found that high levels of acetic acid was negatively correlated with the expression of FATP5,L-FABP,CD36 and FASN,and the LPS level was positively correlated with L-FABP and CPT1 A.This datas indicated that the intaked of PPC affected the composition of intestinal flora,but did not increased the level of plasma TMAO;Meanwhile,treatment of PPC could significantly inhibited the expression of fatty acid transport related proteins,and improved the metabolism of liver fatty acids.