Lexical Tone And Stuttering Loci And Lexical Tone Perception Of Stutter

Stuttering is a typical speech fluency disorder,which seriously affects the study,work and life of stutters.Mandarin is tonal language.Past reasearches indicated that stuttering events are more likely to be produced on stressed than on unstressed syllables.And the stress has similar function and attributes with Chinese tone.Nothing is known about whether stuttering in mandarin speakers is associated with lexical tone.The existing research object on lexical tone and stuttering loci on mandarin are preschool stuttering children,but preschool children's stuttering is difficult to distinguish from the normal development non-fluency phenomenon in speech development.Therefore,this study selected 7-year-old and above stutterers as the research object,and investigated the relationship between stuttering event and lexical tone and the lexical tone perception of stutterers.The main research contents and results are as follows:1.Lexical tone and stuttering in mandarin in natural conversationBy analyzing the language sample of stutterers founds that tone had a significant effect on stuttering loci.Our analysis showed that T0 has lowest probability of occurrence,T3 and T4 were associated with a significantly higher frequency of stuttering than either T1 or T2.When located in front of the word,the probablility of T3 and T4 stuttering is significantly higher than that after word.The number of stuttering events was not significantly related to the tone combination.The proportion of stuttering across the four combination(from most to least)was T3+T3>T3+T4>T3+T1>T3+T2,T4+T1>T4+T4>T4+T3>T4+T2.2.Lexical tone and stuttering in mandarin in readingBy analyses stutterers reading specific sentence sample to explore the relationship between tone and stuttering events,founds that the number of stuttering moments was not significantly related to the lexical tone.In the reading,no matter whether it in the beginning or the middle of the sentence,the number of stuttering moments was not significantly related to the lexical tone.3.Stutterer's dichotic listening characteristics to mandarin toneIn this part,by dichotic listening paradigm examine stutterer's lateralization of the tone.It's found that the non-stutter has a clear right ear advantage in the dichotic listening task,while stutterer doesn't present the left or right ear advantage.The probability of being selected from the left and right ears is comparable.4.Single syllable tone perception characteristics of stutterersStutter group and Non-stutter group are no significant difference on the accuracy of the single syllable tone perception.The main effect of tone is not significant.Stutterer's toen perception response time was significantly longer than non-stutter group.Tone type main effect is significant,specifically T2=T4>T3>T1.5.Disyllables tone perception characteristics of stutterersThe tone combination and position had no significant effect on the correct rate of T1 perception of both stutterers and non-stutterers.The main effect of groups and locations on tone perception response time are not significant.When T1 and T2/T3 are combined,the reaction time is longer than the combination with T3/T4.When T1 and T3 combined,The response time of the first word is significantly longer than tail word.The main effect of tone combination,position and group on the correct rate of T2 perception had no significant effect.In terms of perception response time,there are no difference between stutterers and non-stutterers.Tone combination has a significant main effect,specifically T4>T3>T2=T1,and when T2 and T4 combined,The perception response time of T2 before the word is significantly longer than after the word.On the influence of tone combination and position on the correct rate of T3 perception of the stutterer,when the tone combination is T1 and T4 is significantly higher than that of T2 and T3.The perception accuracy of first word is significantly higher than tail word.In terms of the response time,when T3 combined with T2?T3 and T4 the response time is significantly longer than combined with T1.There are no difference of response time when combined with T2?T3 and T4.Other factors main effcet and interaction effects are not significant.On the influence of tone combination and position on the correct rate of T4 perception,The correct rate of stuttering perception when T4 is in front of the word is significantly lower than when T4 is behind the word.In terms of T4 perception response time,The respnse time of T4 perception(from longest to shortest)was T2>T3>T1>T4;When T4 is located in the first word,the perception time is significantly longer than the ending.When T4 combined with T1?T2 and T3,the response perceived by T4 in front of the word is significantly longer than tail word.When T4 combined with T4,the perception response time between first word and tail word are no difference.