Effects Of Ginseng Polysaccharides On Intestinal Microecology And Mucosal Immunity

Ginseng is the dried root of Panax Ginseng C.A.Meyer,Which has been listed as the top grade of traditional Chinese medicine since in all ages,and used to cure many diseases.Polysaccharides is the main active component in the ginseng,and showed inhibitory effects on cancer cell migration and proliferation,oxidation,and immune modulating activities.There was little information about the effects and mechanism of ginseng polysaccharides and its sub-fractions on gut micro-ecology.Therefore,in this study the ginseng polysaccharides and its sub-fractions of gut micro-ecology function and mechanism were examined,though the two diseases model of antibiotic associated diarrhea(AAD)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).First,neutral polysaccharide fraction(WGPN)and acidic polysaccharide fraction(WGPA)were purified from water-soluble ginseng polysaccharides(WGP),which was obtained from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer by DEAE-Sepharose Fast flow column.The yields of WGP,WGPN and WGPA were 10.2%,7.14% and 2.72%,respectively.Second,AAD mice were induced by gastric gavage with lincomycin hydrochloride,followed by administration of ginseng polysaccharides and its sub-fractions for one week.Body weight changes,psychosis and diarrhea status were observed and assessed.Histological observation of ileum and 16 S rRNA high throughput sequencing analysis of intestinal contents were carried on to identify the effects of polysaccharides fractions on AAD mice.The results showed that WGP,WGPN and WGPA could alleviate the symptoms of diarrhea mice,decrease the inflammation and edema of ileum,and improve the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in AAD mice,All of them increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus,While WGP can also increase the relative abundance of Lactococcus.Finally,based on results above the effects of WGP,WGPN and WGPA on intestinal diseases were further researched.IBD rats were induced dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)in drinking water,followed by administration of polysaccharides samples for one week.The results showed that WGP and its sub-fractions could alleviate the colonic inflammatory infiltration and improve the damage of colonic tissue structure induced by DSS.Further more,the three polysaccharides factions markedly decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-1,IL-6,IL-17,and IFN-?;decreased the expression of apoptotic protein Bax,increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2,tight junction protein ZO-1 and Occludin in the colon.WGP,WGPN and WGPA could increase the relative abundance of Ackermania and Lactobacillus in feces together;improved the structure and diversity of gut microbiota;increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).In conclusion,WGP,WGPN and WGPA affected IBD rats by improving the structure of the gut,adjusting expression of inflammatory cytokines,enriching beneficial Ackermania and Lactobacillus,and modifying the gut microbial community and elevating the SCFAs production.Therefore,ginseng polysaccharide and its sub-fractions may be used as a supplement for adjuvant treatment of IBD.The results above could support the application of ginseng polysaccharides,provide datas for the interaction between polysaccharides and intestinal flora,and offer some ideas for the mechanism research of effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diseases.