| ObjectiveTo understand the self-rated health status and social capital of the elderly,and to explore the impact of social capital on self-rated health,so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the health status of the elderly people and promoting the realization of active ageing.MethodsBased on the data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2015,a total of 2,657 samples aged 60 and above were selected according to the self-assessment health index,social demographic index and social capital index.SPSS 21.0 was used to perform a descriptive analysis of the research subjects.The common factor of social capital was determined based on factor analysis method.The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the social capital scores of the elderly with different demographic characteristics.Single-factor logistic regression and binary logistic regression analysis were used to explore the impact of social capital on self-assessed health of the elderly.Results1.The basic information of the elderly:among the 2657 elderly people included in this study,1243(46.8%)were male and 1414(53.2%)were female.The age ranged from 60 to 95 years old,with an average age of 69.54±7.54 years old,of which 1569(59.1%)were below 70 years old,1325(49.9%)in rural areas,and most(75.8%)of the elderly were married.The proportion of elderly people with primary school education accounted for the most(33.9%),and more than half(52.7%)of elderly people believed that their family economic status was at the local average.2.Self-assessed health status of the elderly:among the 2657 elderly people,1176(44.3%)considered themselves healthy and 1481(55.7%)considered themselves unhealthy.3.The social capital of the elderly:the study extracted five main components of social capital,including strong relationship trust,social network,weak relationship trust,cultural participation and organizational participation.There were differences in the social capital scores of the elderly with different demographic characteristics(P<0.05).Among them,the male had higher social capital score than the female,people lived in city had higher score than that in the rural area.People with the college degree and above had higher score than other education level people.Elderly whose family economic status was higher than the local average had higher social capital score than other economic status.4.The Univariate analysis showed that gender,age,marital status,place of residence,education level,family economic status,strong relationship trust,social network,stylistic participation,and political participation all had statistically significant differences in the self-assessed health status of the elderly(P<0.05).5.The Binary Logistic regression analysis results showed that:gender,age,marriage status,family economic status,strong relationship trust,social network and stylistic participation were the influencing factors of the elderly self-assessed health(P<0.05).Self-rated health was better for people who was below 70 years old,men,married,family economic conditions was higher than the local average,had more trust in people in strong relationship structures such as relatives and neighbors,had more frequent participation in cultural activities and had the denser social networks.Conclusions1.More than half elderly(55.7%)considered themselves unhealthy.men’s self-assessed health status was better than women’s.With the increase of age,the self-rated health rate of elderly people gradually declined.2.Strong relationship trust,social networks and stylistic participation in the social capital of the elderly are important factors that affect the health of self-assessment.The work to improve the health of the elderly should start from the government,the community,the family and the middle-aged themselves,so as to provide the elderly with strong social security services,harmonious and mutually supportive community culture,solid material foundation and spiritual consolation to promote elderly people live actively and healthily. |
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