Status And Influencing Factors Of Cognitive And Psychological Development In Girls With Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty

ObjectivesThrough the case-control study,this paper aimed to analyze the status of cognitive and psychological development in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP)and its correlations with parenting styles,emotion and coping styles of parents,and illuminate the influencing factors of emotional and behavior problems in ICPP girls,so as to enrich the knowledge of clinicians and parents on the psychosomatic effects of ICPP,and provide scientific basis for clinical disease management and improvement of household care quality.MethodsThe whole ICPP urban girls who were treated in the Endocrinology Department of a provincial hospital in Henan province from March to August in year 2019 were selected as the case group.In the same period,the healthy girls who matched to patients on age from urban community kindergarten and primary school in the province were selected as the control.The intelligence assessments of children and self-assessed questionnaires of parents and children were completed at the survey site.The study included children's own variables and parents-related variables.Children's own variables included the developmental status of cognition,emotion and behavior.Parents-related variables included parenting styles,anxiety,depression,and coping styles.SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 were used to analyze the data.The statistical methods consisted of t tests,analysis of variance,?2 tests,Pearson correlation analysis,multivariate linear regression analysis,and path analysis.Results1.There were 106 and 113 girls were investigated in case and control group,and 98 cases and 102 controls were finally involved in the analysis.The effective rates were 92.5%and 90.3%respectively.The mean age of the case group was(8.62±0.88)years,the control group was(8.55±1.10)years,and the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.607).2.The verbal intelligence quotient(VIQ)and verbal comprehension intelligence quotient(VCIQ)of the girls in case group were higher than the control group(P=0.001,P=0.001).In sensory integration,the scores of vestibular imbalance and inadequate development of learning capacity of the girls in case group were higher than the control group(P=0.016,P=0.001).In emotional intelligence,the scores of identifying own emotions of the girls in case group were higher than the control group(P=0.002).In parents,the scores of rejection parenting styles in case group were lower than the control group(P=0.016),and the scores of positive coping styles in case group were higher than the control group(P=0.024).The scores of total difficulties and hyperactivity of the girls in case group were lower than the control group(P=0.011,P<0.001).3.Results of correlation analysis:The scores of total difficulties of the girls in case group were negatively associated with full scale intelligence quotient(FSIQ),sensory integration,emotional intelligence,emotional warmth parenting styles and positive coping styles of parents(r=-0.667--0.227);and were positively related to rejection parenting styles,anxiety and depression of parents(r--0.346-0.482).The scores of prosocial behavior of the girls in case group were positively correlated with three sensory integration dimensions(excessive tactile defense,proprioception disorder,and inadequate development of learning capacity),and emotional warmth parenting styles and positive coping styles of parents(r=0.215-0.324).4.Results of regression analysis:Cognition-related variables were the mainly influencing factors of total difficulties of the girls in case group,and explained 54.3%of the variances(R2=0.543);parents-related variables and cognition-related variables were the equivalent contributors to the prosocial behavior of the girls in case group,the contributions were 12.9%and 11.5%respectively(R2=0.129,0.115).5.Results of path analysis:The variables that had direct effects on total difficulties of the girls in case group were excessive tactile defense,inadequate development of learning capacity,anxiety,and rejection parenting styles;the variables that had indirect effects on total difficulties were excessive tactile defense,anxiety,rejection parenting styles,and depression.The variables that had direct effects on prosocial behavior of the girls in case group were inadequate development of learning capacity and positive coping styles,the variables that had indirect effects on prosocial behavior were proprioception disorder,excessive tactile defense,anxiety,and rejection parenting styles.Inadequate development of learning capacity was the main mediate variable of variables that indirectly affected the total difficulties and prosocial behavior.Conclusions1.ICPP did not adversely affect the cognitive and psychological development of girls.On the contrary,ICPP girls had better abilities in verbal comprehension,sensory integration and recognize emotion.Their total emotional and behavioral difficulties were relatively small.2.The development of emotion,behavior and prosocial abilities of ICPP girls was closely related to their own cognitive level and parental positive parenting styles,emotional state and coping styles.3.Cognitive ability,especially sensory integration,was the mainly influencing factor of emotion and behavior of ICPP girls,and the development of learning ability was most important to reduce emotional and behavioral difficulties and increase prosocial ability.4.Attaching importance to the evaluation and intervention of sensory integration ability of children,improving the harmful emotion and acrimonious parenting styles,and coping with disease positively were of great significance for guaranteeing the normal psychological development of ICPP girls.