| BackgroundAs a kind of chronic and recurrent diseases,the depression not only brings mental pain to patients with depression,but also brings heavy burden to their families.At present in the treatment of depression,there are mainly drugs and Electrical shock without convulsions(MECT)treatment.However,traditional antidepressants have slow effect;The MECT treatment can quickly improve depressive symptoms,but it can bring some cognitive impairment;rTMS,as a noninvasive method with the least side effects,has been proposed to treat depression,and the mechanism may be closely related to the protection of hippocampal neurons,promoting neurons regeneration.ObjectiveObserving the effect of rTMS intervention on the behavior and the expression level of neural stem cells and astrocytes in the hippocampus of depression model rats.Inquiring into the possible mechanism of neural stem cell differentiation involved rTMS improving depressive symptoms.MethodsAdult SPF male rats were selected and screened by baseline behavior(sucrose preference test,open field test,Y maze test)and randomly divided into the modeling group and the control group.The control group received normal feeding,and the model group received simple CUMS method combined with solitary cage feeding to prepare the depression model.After behavioral evaluation,the model group was randomly divided into the depression group,the pseudo-stimulus group and the rTMS group.Rats in the rTMSgroup received rTMS stimulation for 3 weeks.The pseudo-stimulus group was exposed to the same environment,but did not receive the stimulus.After the stimulation was completed,behavioral tests were performed to assess whether rTMS improved depression in rats.Finally,Immunofluorescence(IF)and Western Blot(WB)were used to detect the number of Nestin and GFAP positive cells and their protein expression levels in the hippocampus of rats.Results1.The behavioral test results showed that before modeling,the difference in baseline behavioral score of rats was statistically insignificant(P? 0.05).After modeling,the behavioral scores of rats in the modeling group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P? 0.05).The results showed that the rat model of depression was successfully established.After receiving rTMS stimulation,the behavioral scores of rats in the rTMS group were significantly higher than those in the pseudo-stimulation group and the depression group(P? 0.05).The behavioral scores of rats in the pseudo-stimulus group and the depression group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P? 0.05).The behavioral scores of the pseudo-stimulus were no different from those of the depression group.2.Immunofluorescence detection results: the mean optical density values of Nestin and GFAP in the CA3 region of the hippocampus of the four groups were statistically significant.The average optical density of Nestin in both the depression group and the pseudo-stimulus group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P? 0.05),while the average optical density of GFAP was significantly lower than that in the control group(P? 0.05).The average optical density of Nestin in the rTMS group decreased compared with the pseudo-stimulus group and the depression group(P? 0.05),while the average optical density of GFAP increased compared with the pseudo-stimulus group and the depression group(P? 0.05).The average optical density of Nestin and GFAP in thepseudo-stimulus group was no different from that in the depression group.3.Immunoblot detection results: the Nestin and GFAP protein levels of hippocampus in the 4 groups were statistically significant.Comparing with the control group,the Nestin protein expression increased and the GFAP protein expression decreased(P? 0.05)in the depression group and pseudo-stimulus group;in the rTMS group,the Nestin protein expression decreased and the GFAP protein expression increased(P? 0.05);in the pseudo-stimulus group,there was no difference in Nestin and GFAP protein expression compared with the model group(P? 0.05).Conclusions1.rTMS stimulation can improve the depression-like behavior of CUMS rat models.2.rTMS intervention to improve depression-like behavior in model rats may be a prestage protection of hippocampal neurons by promoting further proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into astrocytes,which may be one of the mechanisms of rTMS treatment of depression. |
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