The Correlation Between Intestinal And Oral Microbes Of Mothers In The Third Trimester And Gestational Weight Gain

BackgroundWith the improvement of living standard and the lack of understanding of gestational weight management,the number of overweight and obese pregnant women before pregnancy and the number of excessive gestational weight gain pregnant women are increasing day by day[1].A large number of epidemiological investigations and animal experiments have proved that the degree of gestational weight gain is closely related to maternal and child health[2-4]More and more studies have found that intestinal and oral microorganisms are closely related to obesity,diabetes and other metabolic diseases[5-9].It is believed that intestinal microorganisms can increase the intake of calories by increasing the density and permeability of capillaries of the villi of the small intestine,and can participate in the metabolism of sugar and fat,promote intestinal dynamics and nutrient absorption,affect energy balance,and promote fat storage[10-11].In addition,it was found that oral microecological imbalance can activate systemic inflammatory response[12].while obese people are in a state of mild chronic inflammation[13].Oral microecological imbalance may be related to obesity.Recent studies have shown that the intestinal microbial abundance of pregnant women with excessive gestational weight gain decreases and the intestinal microbial composition changes[14].At present,studies on intestinal and oral microorganisms mainly focus on obesity,but there are few studies on intestinal and oral microorganisms and gestational weight gain,and exactly which microbes are associated with excessive gestational weight gain remains controversial.ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between intestinal and oral microorganisms in the third trimester(37-41+6 weeks)and Gestational weight gain(GWG).MethodFeces and saliva samples were collected from 30 cases of excessive gestational weight gain women(Excessive GWG,N=30)and 30 cases of gestational weight gain normal pregnant women(Non-Excessive GWG,N=30)in the third trimester of pregnancy,and Paired-end sequencing of the v3-v4 region of 16SrRNA gene in samples was conducted using Illumina platform.The diversity and composition of intestinal and oral microorganisms were compared between the two groups,and qPCR was performed to verify the different strains.In addition,Spearman correlation analysis was further conducted to explore the correlation between microorganisms and GWG and maternal blood index.Results(1)In the intestinal and oral microorganisms,the Alpha diversity of Excessive GWG group was lower than that of normal pregnant women in the same period,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.564,P=0.678).(2)LEfSE species difference discrimination showed that there were 25 different species from phylum to species in the intestinal microorganisms.In the Excessive GWG group,Escherichia and Escherichia coli of proteobacteria were significantly increased(P=0.022),and the difference effect of Escherichia coli was the largest.Among the oral microorganisms,there were 11 different species from phylum to species,and the abundance of Akkermansia and its Akkermansia muciniphila decreased in the Excessive group(P=0.024),and the difference effect of Akkermansia was the largest.(3)A comparison of maternal blood index between the two groups showed that in the Excessive GWG group,the hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)[(5.0±2.9)vs(3.9±3.0)mg/L]and total cholesterol(TC)[(6.4±1.5)vs(5.5±1.0)mmol/L],low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)[(4.0±1.4)vs(3.2±0.8)mmol/L],and apolipoprotein B(APO-B)[(1.2±0.3)vs(1.0±0.2)g/L)]were significantly higher than those of the Non-Excessive GWG group,but the apolipoprotein A1(APO-A1)[(2.1±0.4)vs(2.5±0.4)g/L]were lower than those of the Non-Excessive GWG group(P<0.05,P<0.01).(4)Spearman correlation analysis showed that:GWG and the intestinal microbes Escherichia(r=0.296,P<0.05),Clostridium(r=0.276,P<0.05),and Haemophilus(r=0.363,P<0.01),and Rothia(r=0.315,P<0.05)were positively correlated,and Alistipes(r=-0.282,P<0.05)and Anaerofilum(r=-0.267,P<0.05)were negatively correlation,among them,Escherichia was positively correlated with hs-CRP(r=0.358,P<0.01),while Alistipes was positively correlated with TG(r=0.284,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with APO-A1(r=-0.346,P<0.01).GWG and oral microbes Ph2(r=0.327,P<0.05)was positively correlated,and Akkermansia(r=-0.349,P<0.01),Gemmiger(r=-0.308,P<0.05),Brevundimonas(r=-0.294,P<0.05)showed a negative correlation,and Akkermansia was negatively correlated with hs-CRP(r=-0.541,P<0.01).ConclusionsIntestinal and oral microbes are closely related to GWG.