Application Of HepPar-1 And CD34 In Pathological Diagnosis Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma And Their Clinical Significance

Background and ObjectivePrimary liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide,with approximately 841000 new cases(4.7%)and 782000 deaths(8.2%)each year.Primary liver cancer comprises hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(75%-85%),intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(10%-15%)and other rare types.The incidence and mortality rate of primary liver cancer are both high,and hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for the highest proportion in primary liver cancer.Therefore,it's very important to correctly clarify the pathological types of primary liver cancer and predict the biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinomas.In most cases,HCC can be easily diagnosed in hematocylin and eosin(H&E)-stained sections by its characteristic histomorphologic features.The cytological features also help to distinguish well-differentiated HCC from benign liver tissue.The cytoarchitectural features permit diagnosis of the majority of HCC in H&E-stained slides,and in some cases with the aid of widely used histochemical stains,particularly reticulin and mucicarmine.However,the diagnosis of very well differentiated HCC as well as high grade HCC may require the assistance of immunohistochemical markers.Many studies suggested that the first-line antibodies to HCC are composed of HepPar-1 and CD34.Therefore,this time I selected these two immunohistochemical molecular markers,HepPar-1 and CD34,to explore their expression in HCC and its relationship with clinical characteristics of HCC,to provide help for better pathological diagnosis of HCC.Methods1.312 cases of HCC samples were obtained from Shandong Provincial Hospital during the period of December 2013 to May 2019,and surgically excised.All samples were fixed within 2 hours by Neutral formaldehyde,or refrigerated with an ice box,then quickly transferred to the low temperature refrigerator.All tissue samples were made paraffin sections.And the diagnosis of HCC was confirmed,which checked by two pathologists with random double blind method.2.The clinical and pathological parameters of 312 cases of HCCs were collected.3.Immunohistochemical staining was employed in all sections from tumor tissues of HCC patients to determine the expression pattern of HepPar-1 and CD34.Synthesize other studies to explore the expression of HepPar-1 and CD34 in different pathological types of primary liver cancer.Analyze the correlation between the expression profile of HepPar-1 and CD34 in HCC and the clinocopathological features of patients.4.Statistical analysis:The data were analyzed with SPSS software(SPSS version 18.0;SPSS,Chicago,IL,USA).Measurement data is expressed as(x ±s).The relationship between CD34 and clinicopathological parameters is measured by continuous corrected chi-square test and fisher's exact test;the relationship between HepPar-1 and clinicopathological parameters is measured by chi-square test.Multivariate logistic regression was used to verify whether the clinicopathological parameters were related to HepPar-1.Differences were considered significant if the p value from a two-tailed test was<0.05.Results1.The positive rate of HepPar-1 in HCC is 85.26%;its positive rate is the lowest in high grade tumors;the expression of HepPar-1 is different in the degree of differentiation(P<0.05).There is no difference of HepPar-1 expression in gender,age and maximum diameter of tumors(P>0.05).2.The positive rate of CD34 in HOC was 98.4%;the expression of CD34 was not significantly different in the degree of differentiation,gender,age,and maximum diameter of tumors(P>0.05).3.The probability that both CD34 and HepPar-1 are positive is 83.65%;the probability that both CD34 and HepPar-1 are negative is 0.32%.ConclusionsThe expression of HepPar-1 is lower,the differentiation of HCC is worse,and the proliferative activity of cancer cells is stronger while the expression of HepPar-1 is not different in terms of gender,age,and maximum diameter of tumors.There is no significant difference in the expression of CD34 in terms of gender,age,and maximum tumor diameter.CD34 and HepPar-1 both have high positive rates in HCC.These two immunohistochemical markers can be used for pathological diagnosis of HCCs,which can reduce the false negative rate and save costs.