Relationship Between Prenatal And Postnatal Diet And Exposures To Antibiotics,Probiotics And Food Supplementation And Atopic Dermatitis In Infant

Background:Genetic factors alone cannot account for the dramatic increase in the prevalence of atopic diseases worldwide in recent decades.Increasing evidence suggests that prenatal and postnatal exposure to certain environmental factors and diet may affect the development of atopic diseases.However,there are very few domestic studies on the association between prenatal and postnatal diet and exposure to drugs and supplement with atopic dermatitis(AD).Objective:To investigate the relationship between prenatal and postnatal diet and exposure to antibiotics,probiotics and food supplementation and atopic dermatitis in infants.Methods:A total of 75 children with AD aged 1-12 months who visited the dermatology department of Shengjing hospital in 2019 were selected as the AD group,and a total of 77 healthy infants aged 1-12 months who were born in obstetrics department of Shengjing hospital in 2019 were selected as the control group.The research was conducted through the telephone follow-up and the questionnaire survey.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the collected data.Results:The univariate analyses have not indicated any statistically significant difference in gender,age and place of residence of infant between the two groups.The results of the analysis showed that there were more infants with positive family history in the AD group(χ~2=12.322,P=0.000),more infants applied full-body emollient at least once per day in the control group(χ~2=6.217,P=0.013),later age of introduction of solid food has been shown in the AD group(T=1455.500,P=0.010),later age of introduction of cereal-based baby food(T=1397.5,P=0.009),fruits(T=834,P=0.001),vegetables(T=684,P=0.001)and yolk(T=404.5,P=0.015)has been shown in the AD group,more mothers used folic acid supplementation(χ~2=8.285,P=0.004)and multivitamin supplementation(χ~2=8.947,P=0.003)within one month before pregnancy in the control group,more mothers used iron supplementation(χ~2=6.145,P=0.013)and multivitamin supplementation(χ~2=11.326,P=0.001)during pregnancy in the control group,more mothers used multivitamin supplementation during lactation in the control group(χ~2=5.605,P=0.018),higher frequency of fish intake during pregnancy has been shown in the control group(T=5295.500,P=0.049),lower frequency of shellfish intake during pregnancy has been shown in the control group(T=5272.500,P=0.008),and more mothers had a exclusion diet during lactation in the AD group(χ~2=28.282,P=0.000).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that a family history of atopic disease in infants may be a risk factor for AD,and daily full-body application of emollients in infants,supplementation of multivitamins during pregnancy,and folic acid supplementation within one month before pregnancy may be protective factors for AD.Conclusion:In our research,fourteen factors were associated with AD infants aged 1-12 months,including family history of atopic disease in infants,daily full-body application of emollients in infants,age of introduction of solid food,age of introduction of cereal-based baby food,fruits,vegetables and yolk for infants,folic acid and multivitamin supplementation within one month before pregnancy,iron and multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy,and frequency of fish and shellfish intake during pregnancy.An infant’s family history of atopic disease may be a risk factor for AD.Infants with a family history of atopic disease may be able to reduce the risk of AD through daily full-body application of emollients,mother using multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy,and mother using folic acid supplementation within one month before pregnancy,however,more studies are needed to confirm this.