Cause Analysis And Prevention Measures Of Occupational Poisoning Accidents

With the continuous development of the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases,the situation of occupational diseases in China has improved significantly.However,with the urbanization and industrialization of China,occupational poisoning accidents still cause huge loss of life and property every year.Therefore,the prevention of occupational poisoning has a profound impact on the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases,and it is worth studying.At present,the prevention of occupational poisoning accidents mainly focuses on external measures such as production technology and regular detection of air poisoning concentrations,and there is a lack of research on occupational poisoning behavior.Therefore,the author introduces behavioral safety into the prevention of occupational poisoning accidents,and plays a role in effectively preventing occupational poisoning accidents,thereby improving the safety level of enterprises.This article first conducted a statistical study on 121 occupational poisoning accidents,and analyzed them from four aspects: overall characteristics,accident levels,regions,and time.The macro laws of occupational poisoning accidents were obtained: the number of major occupational poisoning accidents and the proportion of deaths and injuries in China.The highest,with a percentage of more than 60%,belonging to the key prevention targets;among the 25 provinces in China,the number of occupational poisoning accidents and the number of deaths and injuries in Hebei,Shandong,Henan,Anhui,and Jiangsu provinces accounted for the accidents,respectively.52.89% and 48.80% of the total number of fatalities and injuries,accounting for about half of the total number;there were more accidents around the Spring Festival and in August and September,accounting for 42.15% of the total number;The fewest accidents occurred in June.Secondly,based on the "2-4" model of accident causation,the five typical occupational poisoning accidents are caused by 4 levels of causes(direct,indirect,root,and root causes)and 4 types of personnel(senior management,middle level).Management personnel,field commanders,and field operators)conducted analysis,and the results showed that the "2-4" model of accident causation is effective in preventing occupational poisoning accidents.Third,apply the "2-4" model of accident causes to study the unsafe actions of 121 acute occupational poisoning accidents,analyze and obtain 778 unsafe actions in occupational poisoning accidents,and divide the 778 unsafe actions into 8 categories And 48 subclasses.Through an in-depth study of 8 types of movements,the categories of unsafe movements that require special precautions and the types of personnel that require special attention are obtained.Research shows that 6 types of unsafe actions occur more than 50 times,of which 254 are safe operations,accounting for 32.65% of the total number of unsafe actions;14 of the 48 sub-categories have 14 or more unsafe actions.,Accounting for 67.72% of the total.Unsafe actions with occurrence frequency greater than 20 in the subclass are consistent with unsafe actions with occurrence frequency greater than 50 in the large class.Therefore,these 14 sub-categories are the key action categories for preventing occupational poisoning accidents.Fourth,after further research on the unsafe actions through the above-mentioned action classification research,a total of 133 unsafe actions were obtained.The first unsafe action was "blind rescue".From the perspective of different types of personnel,it is analyzed that the most frequently issued by field operators is "blind rescue",the most frequently issued by field commanders is "infraction command",and the most frequently issued by middle management personnel is "no emergency rescue system has been formulated".The most frequently issued by management staff is "inadequate safety training".Fifth,the "2-4" model of the cause of the accident was used to analyze the three typical chronic occupational poisoning accidents.The unsafe actions that led to the three typical accidents were "no personal protective equipment" and "not performed before operation" Pre-job knowledge training","not equipped with personal protective equipment ".By comparing their behavioral laws with those of acute occupational poisoning,it is found that the time required for the two poisonings is different but the processes are very similar.Therefore,countermeasures for the prevention of acute occupational poisoning can also prevent chronic occupational poisoning.In order to further explain the harmfulness of unsafe actions to chronic poisoning,animal experiments were performed to show that chronic poisoning also needs to be paid great attention.Finally,for the effectiveness and practicability of prevention,the author proposes targeted preventive countermeasures from the four perspectives of emergency rescue,safety training,protective gear,and the workers themselves according to the above behavioral laws,and details the safety procedures corresponding to unsafe actions.And the detailed content is for the reference of the enterprise.Among them,the workers' own preventive countermeasures are nutrition prevention recommendations for employees,and they can prevent occupational poisoning accidents more comprehensively with new thinking and new perspectives.