Study On The Diet Nutrition Of The Elderly In A Community In Haidian District,Beijing

Research purpose: In order to understand the current dietary nutrition status of the elderly population,this article analyzed and discussed the dietary nutrition status and its influencing factors of 337 elderly people in a community in Haidian District,Beijing.The dietary nutrition of the elderly population in the community provides reasonable suggestions,and puts forward strategies that are conducive to improving the nutritional status of the elderly population,which has certain significance for improving the health status of the elderly population.Research method: Using the method of descriptive epidemiological research,through the on-site convenient sampling method,the elderly population of different pension models(ie,community home pension model,pension institution pension model)in a community of Haidian District,Beijing was selected as the research object.Nutrition Knowledge,Attitude,and Behavior(KAP)conducted a questionnaire survey,and a comprehensive analysis of the survey results.Research results:(1)There are 337 elderly people in a community of Haidian District,Beijing,who have the largest daily intake of rice noodles and their products,accounting for 99.5%,followed by daily intake of fruits,fresh vegetables,pork,pickled vegetables,milk and their products,Accounting for 60.2%,46.8%,44.9%,41.6% and 40.3% respectively.The daily intake frequency of poultry and beef and mutton is low,10.1% and 11.2% respectively.Animal viscera and animal blood intake is the least,the daily intake frequency is 0,and the basic non-intake throughout the year accounts for 81.4% and 73.9% of the total number,respectively.(2)The survey found that the intake of salt,meat,poultry and oils of the elderly is significantly higher than the recommended intake,which is 188.66%,174.14% and 121.27% of the recommended intake;but for milk,dairy products and fruits The intake of fish and shrimp is obviously insufficient,accounting for only 17.31%,24.53% and 40.71% of the recommended intake,respectively.Among them,there are significant differences in the daily intake of nutrients between the elderly at home and the elderly in pension institutions(P <0.05).The elderly at home have more comprehensive nutrient intake and different economic income levels Among the elderly,the proportion of nutrient intake of people with high economic income level is better than that with low economic level(P <0.05).(3)The survey results of the dietary structure of the elderly show that the proportion of fat and protein intake in the dietary structure has increased.In the energy distribution of three meals,the energy of breakfast is insufficient,and the energy of dinner exceeds the standard.There are significant differences in the dietary structure between the elderly in institutional care and the elderly at home(P <0.05).The three-in-one energy supply ratio of the elderly in institutional care is more reasonable.Men's fat intake ratio is higher than women's(P <0.05),younger elderly people have higher protein and fat intake ratios than older elderly people(P <0.05),as education level decreases,older people Human carbohydrate energy supply ratio has increased.(4)The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge among 337 elderly people was 54.14%.Among them,"minerals beneficial to bones" have the best grasp,with a awareness rate of 64.09%;on the nutrition knowledge point of "vitamins related to beriberi",the awareness rate is the lowest,only 42.14%.The main factors that affect the KAP of the elderly are the pension model,gender,age,education level and economic income level.The average score of the home-based pension model(9.34±0.83)is higher than the average score of the community pension model(7.21±1.08),there is a significant difference(P <0.05),the female score is higher than the male(P <0.05),the lower the age,the higher the score(P <0.05),education level is positively correlated with the level of economic income and the score of nutrition knowledge.(5)The survey results of the dietary nutrition behavior of the elderly show that: 40.06% of the elderly "love snacks",75.67% of the elderly "love fried foods",48.73% of the elderly at home and 43.16% of the elderly in institutions People have "the act of taking nutrient supplements."(6)The way for senior citizens with different pension models to obtain nutritional knowledge is different.Among them,30.61% of senior citizens at home use "television broadcasting" to obtain nutritional knowledge,and the main way for senior citizens to provide nutritional knowledge is "professional lectures" Reached 47.83%.Research conclusion: The nutritional status of the elderly in a community in Haidian District,Beijing is generally good,but there are excessive intakes of nutrients,proteins and condiments,low intakes of vitamins and minerals,and excessive energy supply of protein and fat.Reasonable question.Although the subjects of this survey have high cultural qualities,there are still many problems in grasping nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitudes and behaviors.Therefore,it is recommended to formulate a dietary adjustment plan for the individual differences of the elderly in the community of Haidian District,Beijing.At the same time,the nutritional knowledge and health education of the population should be strengthened among the elderly.