Agricultural Research Of Longshan Period In The Middle Huai River Valley

The area where the Huai River Valley is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains and its periphery,and has played an important role in the origin of the Chinese civilization.The study of the Longshan period in this area is of great significance for exploring the formation of Chinese civilization.A series of archaeological sites at the Longshan period began scientific sampling and systematic flotation and obtained a large number of botanical archaeological evidence,which is an in-depth study of the agricultural economy of the Longshan period in the middle Huai River Valley and a better understanding of the agriculture of the Longshan period.Research on the relationship between societies has accumulated rich materials.Based on the case study of the Pingliangtai site and the plant archaeological discoveries of other sites in the middle Huai River Valley,the research studied the academic issues related to agricultural structure,agriculture and social complexity in the Longshan period.The main conclusions from the analysis are as follows:(1)The remaining crops at the Pingliangtai site are dominated by foxtail millet,supplemented by common millet,and a small amount of soybeans,rice,and wheat.This combination reflects the crop structure that coexists with a variety of crops.The proportion of crops is significantly higher than that of non-agricultural crops,indicating that agricultural production occupies an important position in the settlements,while settlement ancestors make full use of the wild plant resources around the settlements.(2)Judging from the percentage of unearthed carbonized products and the probability of unearthing,the Longshan period in the region is a crop structure with a variety of foxtail millet,common millet,rice,wheat,and soybeans,which presents a diversified and complicated trend.And the three crops of foxtail millet,common millet and rice occupy more important positions in most sites.(3)Judging from the existing plant archaeological data,the middle of the Huai River Valley developed a model of agricultural discovery in the Longshan period.However,the proportion of rice is quite different.The proportion of rice in the sites in the central and northwestern region of Henan Province is relatively low,and the proportion of millet is relatively high.The proportion of rice in the sites of east of Henan Province and north of the Anhui Province in the southeastern part of the site is higher.In the middle of Henan Province,the proportion of millet is still relatively high,but the agricultural structure of the eastern and northern parts of Henan Province shows a crop structure that is evenly matched to the three crops of foxtail millet,common millet and rice.(4)In the middle of the Huai River Valley,the number of wheat found in the sites of the Longshan period was relatively small.From the point of view of the remains of the remains of the wheat,they were all located near the west.There were no wheat found in the sites near the east.The reason is not yet clearly.More work will be needed to support the spread of wheat in the middle of the Huai River Valley.(5)The formation of the agricultural development of mixed farming of rice and millet in the Longshan period in the middle of the Huai River Valley was a choice under the interaction between the environment,agriculture,and social development.The relationship between agriculture,environment,and social complexity is complex and affects each other.