Admission And Exclusion:the Transition Of The Seclusive Thoughts In The Pre-Qin

As the origin of the two thousand years of recluse thought in the later generations,the pre Qin period has a unique position in the recluse culture of China,and the recluse thought in this period has the characteristics of diversity and development.From the individual behavior of pre-Confucius to Confucius's view of Hermit as the basis of the Tao,and then to Chuang-tzu's "recluse with morality" in the face of the circumstances of the times,the seclusion was finally criticized by Han Fei and other people in the political culture of the people's Congress.The seclusion was strengthened by the early individual behavior through Confucius and Chuang-tzu.This growth itself also implies its own crisis.These crises not only include the irrational factors of the hermit itself,but also the influence of the transformation of the times and the social environment on the ideology and culture.Generally speaking,the reclusive thought in the pre Qin period provided theoretical basis,method reference and behavior mode for later seclusion.This article changed the research idea of two points of hermit Confucianism and Taoism before,and no longer regarded seclusion as a completely different way of behavior under different schools of thought.It is based on the own characteristics of seclusion,excavating its historical context and consistency in the pre Qin period,taking the actual problems of the hermits in different periods as the clue,combining the investigation of the social environment and the history of thought,and taking different ideological resources as the solutions to these problems,to return the original group as a whole thought.Characteristic?The main body is divided into six parts.The first part is the introduction,first,review the history of the hermit's study by the journals reviewed,summed up the achievements and shortcomings.In general,the study of hermit behavior and thought is still confined to distinction between concepts and ideas,and fails to make consistent investigations in the light of historical environment.Secondly,it introduces the perspective and methods of this study,based on the classical literature of the pre-Qin period,and makes a study of the development and emergence of the recluse through the historical reduction.Finally,based on drawing the conclusions of the predecessors,the concept and the definition of the seclusion are made,and the prescriptive problems of the seclusion are discussed from the aspects of behavior,purpose and morality.The second part is the first chapter.Starting from the literature before Confucius,we explore the clues of hermit and sort out the text.Through the study of the story of Boyi and Shuqi,"Book of Songs","Yi Jing" and "Shang Shu",the three roots of Confucius's early recluse were clarifying:political factors,ethical factors and individual pursuit of freedom.The three reasons,as the first reason for hermit,always run through the practice of reclusion in pre Qin and later ages.The third part is the second chapter,starting from Confucius,to explore Confucius's contribution to seclusion.First,the social ethics transformation and political environment changing faced by the recluse in the Confucius era are investigated.The main aim of Confucius and Confucian thought is that the individual intellectual groups can not be achieved in the social change.Therefore,Confucius put forward the flexible political attitude of "Dao" as the standard.Under the supreme principle of Dao,the thought of destiny endowed the seclusion with justifiable nature,and the Confucian righteousness and benefit plea also made the gentleman and gentleman's entry and exit flexible and varied.In general,the Confucius's seclusion can be summed up as"seclusion for his ambition".Under the guidance of this idea,many scholars have accepted a temporary residence and played a good role in their own.The fourth part is the third chapter.It investigates the new hermit characteristics represented by Chuang-tzu in the Warring States period.First,it describes the social history and ideological environment in the Warring States period,and points out the impact of social change on intellectuals in this period.It is in this context,Chuang-tzu as a representative of the Warring States period hermit,put forward new threat to the people of the hermit.Chuang-tzu's seclusion dissolves the violent social conflict faced by the hermit at that time from three unify all things,right and wrong and unify death and alive,thus realizing the spiritual unfettered tour and letting the seclusion into a realm of complete spirit.The fifth part is the forth chapter.It examines Xun Kuang's and Han Fei's critical attitude towards seclusion at the end of the Warring States period.First,combined with the historical and ideological environment of the eve of the unified empire,it points out that the seclusion is contrary to the social politics and the trend of thought development at that time.Then it analyzes the critical transformation of Xun Kuang's social value based on the social values of the scholars,and then Han Fei,starting from the political pragmatism of the Legalists,denies the recluses who have no use of value and advocates the complete killing of them.The conclusion is the fifth chapter.It summarizes the characteristics of hermit thought in the pre Qin period,and briefly introduces the influence of seclusion culture in the pre Qin period on later generations.This paper summarizes the recluse characteristics of the pre Qin period from four perspectives,namely,the reconstruction of the concept of "intellectual" and "seclusion",the concept of labor and wealth,the attribute of political culture,and the elements of landscape and aesthetics.And from the three aspects of the preservation of life and value,the function of political criticism and the inheritance of culture,it points out the influence and function of pre Qin seclusion on later generations.It emphasized the foundation function of pre Qin period in seclusion history.As the formation period of Chinese seclusion in the past two thousand years,the recluse thought in the pre Qin period has undergone transformation from birth to climax to low ebb.This process is not related to the development and transformation of seclusion itself,but also a good portrayal of social thought and institutional change.Seclusion in the pre Qin period laid a foundation for later generations,and provided endless ideological impetus for the development of all kinds of seclusion thoughts in later generations.The resistance to moral pursuit,preservation and alienation of value is still of great value and significance today.