A Study Of Zhang Dai’s Rhyme In Lang Huan Wen Ji

Using rhyme of poems and verse to explore the real phonology of a certain era,this research method is extremely important for the evolution of Chinese phonetics.187 pieces of ancient style poems,675 pieces of regulated poems,17 pieces of Song poetry and 227 pieces of articles in Zhang Dai’s Lang Huan Wen Ji are selected as the research materials in this dissertation to explore the rhyme of Shaoxing poet Zhang Dai in last Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty.By interconnecting with the rhymed sinigram,the phenomenon of the shared rhyme and the exclusive rhyme are arithmetically analyzed to outline Zhang Dai’s rhyming system,which contained 18 rhyme categories in ancient style poems and 28 rhyme categories in regulated poems.The rhyme categories in Zhang Dai’s regulated poems are similar to Pingshuiyun(平水韵).For example,Wei(微)and Qi(齐)rhyme are used alone in rhyme with an open ending;Xianxian(先仙)、Hanhuan(寒桓)and Shanshan(删山)are divided in rhyme with a nasal ending;Zhenzhun(真谆)、Wenxin(文欣)and Yuanhun(元魂)are divided;Gengqing(庚青)and Zhengdeng(蒸登)are divided;Dong(东)rhyme in the category of Dongzhong(东钟)is used alone,this phenomenon still has a large proportion.The phenomenon that one rhyme category mixed up with other rhyme categories in Zhang Dai’s poem generally reflects three situations:the evolution of pronunciation in common language;some of dialects are turned into rhymes and archaistic phenomenon.The evolution of the common language is mainly reflected in the following aspects:in the rhyme with an open ending,some characters in Jia(佳)rhyme system are transformed into Jiama(家麻)category;some labial characters in Youhou(尤侯)category are transformed into Yumu(鱼模)category;round-mouth characters in Hui(灰)rhyme system and Tai(泰)rhyme are transformed into Zhiqi(之齐)category;in the rhyme with a nasel ending,the-m/-n syllabic ending mixed and the-n/-?syllabic ending mixed;and the-k/-t/-p syllabic ending mixed in rhyme with a stop ending,and open ending mixed up with stop ending.In rhyme with an open ending,Gege(歌戈)category mixed up with Jiama(家麻)category,Gege(歌戈)category mixed up with Yumu(鱼模)category,Jiama(家麻)category mixed up with Jiehai(皆咍)category,Yumu(鱼模)category mixed up with Zhiqi(之齐)category,Jiehai(皆咍)category mixed up with Zhiqi(之齐)category,Yumu(鱼模)category mixed up with Jiehai(皆咍)category.In rhyme with a nasel ending,Zhenwen(真文)category mixed up with Hanxian(寒先)category,Gengzheng(庚蒸)category mixed up with Jiangyang(江阳)category,Qinxun(侵寻)category mixed up with Gengzheng(庚蒸)category,Gengzheng(庚蒸)category mixed up with Zhenwen(真文)category,Zhenwen(真文)category mixed up with Dongzhong(东钟)category,Qinxun(侵寻)category mixed up with Zhenwen(真文)category.These phenomena all reflect the characteristics of Wu(吴)dialect.Zhiqi(之齐)category mixed up with Youhou(尤侯)category,which can be considered as a archaistic phenomenon.