The Research About The Development Of American Historically Black Colleges And University(1965-2005)

As a part of American higher education,Historically black colleges and universities sprouted before the American Civil War,developed during the Civil War,and matured during the reconstruction period.The path of its development reflects the progress of American higher education.Compared with ordinary American institutions of higher education,the biggest feature of these institutions is that they have the purpose of serving black students.This purpose not only rooted in the development process of Historically black colleges and universities,but also the foothold for black Americans' educational right.In 1954,the Supreme Court of the United States declared in the Brown v.Board of Education that the “segregated but equal” policy was unconstitutional.Historically black colleges and universities were affected by this.During the Civil Rights Movement,the number of colleges and the scale of those colleges were expanded.In 1965,the U.S.Congress enacted the "Law on Higher Education," which defined the nature of Historically black colleges and universities constitutionality.The form of Historically black colleges and universities began to shift from middle school education to higher education.After the “isolated but equal” ethnic policy was declared unconstitutional,American society advocated “expanded equality” for all races.Therefore,the remaining Historically black colleges and universities which serves for black students were questioned as indirectly creating new isolation targets.Some of the white colleges and universities demanded a merge of colleges and even closing Historically black colleges and universities,independence and development have become the biggest problems faced by Historically black colleges and universities in the new period.This article takes the development of Historically black colleges and universities as part of the struggle for the legal rights of black people.Emphasis after the civil rights movement,Historically black colleges and universities had some new changes and new developments in academic education,characteristic colleges and teachers' structures.The author believes that: After the civil rights movement,the educational forces which supported the development of Historically black colleges and universities has changed from the former church forces to the public forces.There is a policy shift towards Historically black colleges and universities which influenced by The government's education policy,the Supreme Court's judicial case hearing and the president's decrees.Before civil rights movement were occurred,historically black colleges and universities have emerged with new development stage features such as emphasizing their own strength and expanding their educational functions comparing with the past period.Regarding how to evaluate and understand historically black colleges and universities,the article points out that in the new period when racial conflicts are relatively slow,it is necessary to analyze the operating system and operating fund in the historically black colleges and universities,but also to evaluate historically black colleges and universities in the promotion of black ethnic identity,inheritance of black ethnic culture and promotion of equitable and social values of education objectively.