Universality And Freedom:the Research On Kant's Formula Of Humanity

"How to reply the critique that Kant's categorical commands has a generalized formalized character" is a significant and unavoidable theme of the research of Kant,which is also the important ideological premise of the comprehension of the coreconcepts of Kant's practical philosophy system.On the basis of the ample relevant academic research,the paper thinks that Kant's practical philosophy system revolves around the relationship of freedom and universality,which is to confirm the possibility of categorical commands with the universal freedom,the latter should belong to everyone.Among them the Formula of Humanity is the key link to represent the fundamental value orientation.Therefore the right understanding of the concept and the value orientation of the Formula of Humanity,figuring out the relationship of the Formula of Humanity and Kant's other categorical commands is not only an important method to solve the related difficulties,but also a necessity to present Kant's fundamental value ideality completely.So firstly,the introduction of the paper will put forward the topic to research and its meanings,proposing the theoretical standpoint and research route on the basis of the comment of related academic debate.Then paper will represent the unique theory orientation of Kant's Formula of Humanity from three aspects:the basic connotation,value orientation and proof methods.Chapter I:the degree of the humanity as an end.The chapter attempts to analyze the three aspects of the concepts of Kant's humanity.Then it will represent the value orientation of Kant's moral personality power.Meanwhile,it will cut in the analysis of Kant's virtue,presenting the orientation of Kant's moral laws,which is,profoundly,to connect the respect to the dignity of human beings' to the establishment of the moral laws.In the end of the chapter,it is going to represent the fundamental value fatherly on the basis of the comparison of the ancient philosophers.Chapter ?:Universal freedom:the value orientation of the Formula of Humanity.The Formula of Humanity regards the absolute value of rational beings as an end in itself,which needs the exercise of the moral obligations and the moral laws from the will of autonomy in order to conserve the end.However,the universal freedom which should belong to everyone is the clearest representation of the end.In the sense,the Formula of Humanity,the Formula of Universal Law,the Formula of Realm of ends and the Formula of Autonomy,all of them present the universal freedom as a fundamental value.They also take the universal freedom to achieve the union of the form and the material of the moral laws.This can help people understand the meanings of Kant's duties better and reply the related oppugns.Chapter ?:The justification of the Formula of Humanity.In this part,we have studied that the justification of the Formula of Humanity has three different methods,giving the reasons for the normative proof by comparing the naturalistic and metaphysics proof.Only in this way can we represent the relationship of the universal freedom and the moral law.