On Fromm's Interpretation Of Marx's Historical Materialism

In the middle of the 19th century,Marx and Engels created a brand-new worldview-historical materialism.Theses on Feuerbach is called by Engels initial germination of historical materialism.Marx and Engel's The German Ideology is generally acknowledged by the academic community as the first complete representation of historical materialism.However,for various reasons,Theses of Feuerbach and The German Ideology were not publicly published at the time.Historical materialism was publicized through The Poverty of Philosophy and The Communist Manifesto.Therefore,in a sense,"The Poverty of Philosophy and The Communist Manifesto can be regarded as the completion and summarization of historical materialism",and the Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy" is generally acknowledged as classical expression to the historical materialism.At the beginning,Marx and Engels referred to this scientific "view of history" as "historical materialist historical theory" or "materialistic concept of history".Engels officially called it"historical materialism.”Because Marx's representation of historical materialism was mostly descriptive and non-systematic,Engels still systematically summarized,arranged,and interpreted historical materialism in his later years.In this way,the study of Marx's historical materialism in academic history leaves much to be explored.Many scholars elucidate Marx's historical materialism from different perspectives,and derive various explanations and arguments about historical materialism.This thesis tries hard to draw the clues and problems left behind by the classical construction of historical materialism by relying on historical context and textual context,and then analyzes the reconstruction of historical materialism by later scholars,traces the source,discerns the right and wrong,and studies gains and losses.By analyzing the reconstruction of historical materialism by domestic and foreign scholars such as Habermas,Lylein,Hirose,and practical materialism,on the one hand,they made a meaningful expansion of Marx's historical materialism,with special emphasis on emphasizing human activity in the development of social history.But on the other hand,to a large extent,they have set off on their own,deviating from Marx's historical materialism,and have never discussed clearly the internal transformation mechanism between the economic base and the superstructure,social existence and social consciousness.Erich Fromm,a Freudian Marxist,was often overlooked by academic history.His reinterpretation of historical materialism has a deepening understanding of historical materialism.In addition to defending and clarifying Marx's historical materialism misunderstandings,Fromm combined Marx's historical materialism with Freud's psychoanalysis,and put forward the theory of social character and social unconsciousness as the connection ties between economic foundation and superstructure,social existence and social awareness.The theory clarifies the internal conversion mechanism between economic foundation and superstructure,social existence and social consciousness,that is,how the economic foundation determines the superstructure,how social existence determines social consciousness,and opens up the microscopic mentality of individuals and the macroeconomic field of society.To some extent,it deepened Marx's historical materialism.At the same time,we should also see there are many deficiencies in Fromm's theory.For example,many thoughts of Marx's historical materialism have been interpreted in a humanistic way,which has caused many scholars to oppose it.This article will elaborate on this one by one,and explore the values and gains and losses of Fromm's reinterpretation of historical materialism.