Study On The Lingshi Of Shangshusheng In Jin Dynasty

The Lingshi(??)of Shangshusheng(???)is the senior government staff of Shangshusheng,the highest institution in the Jin Dynasty,and its historical origins can be traced back to the the Lingshi of Shangshushutai(???)in the two Han Dynasties,after the Wei,jin,southern and northern Dynasties to the Sui,Tang and the Northern Song Dynasties,and generally had a low status and a poor promotion prospect.The Liao Dynasty's Lingshi of Shumiyuan(???)played the role of the previous Lingshi of Shangshusheng.Its selection and appointment prospects were superior to those of previous generations.The Jin Dynasty'Lingshi of Shangshusheng was set up after four years of TianHui(??).It belongs to the left and right divisions(???).There are three types of ethnic groups:Jurchen,Han,and Khitan.They are divided into the following Fangs:Zhiguanchaichu(????),Rites(?),Justice(?),Border(??),Food and Grass(??),and others.The basic duties is documents.The electoral system of the Lingshi of Shangshusheng was preliminarily established during the XiZong(??)period.During the ups and downs of the ZhengLong(??)period,it was changed to a string,and DaDing(??)to the end of the Jin Dynasty,there were mainly four ways to choose,the Wenzi(??),the Jurchen Jinshi(????),the Youzhi(??),and the sons of the Prime Ministerand the Royal.In the early and middle periods of the Jin Dynasty,the grade of the appointment of the Wenzi Lingshi was higher than that of others.In the middle and later periods,the Jurchen Jinshi's appointment was basically the same as that of the Wenzi.At the end of the Jin Dynasty,the appointment of Youzhi took the same position as the Wenzi.The appointed positions of the Lingshi of Shangshusheng in the center are mainly composed of the Zhushi(??)of the Six Departments(??),the officials in charge of staff(???)of the left and right divisions,and Jianchayushi(????),in the local,the adjutants(???)and the Middle-level officials(???)are among the positions.At the end of the Jin Dynasty,the proportion of Jianchayushi has dropped sharply,and new positions such as the county administrator(??)and the officials responsible for canal food delivery(???)have appeared.According to the national characteristics reflected in the promotion of the Lingshi of Shangshusheng,the Jurchen and Han Lingshi were promoted faster than other female Jurchens.However,the former had less political prospects than the latter.The former had more as deputy Prime Minister(???),and the latter had more the Prime Minister than the former.The Jurchen Youzhi and the Jurchen words students(?????)became ministers of the Personnel(?),Wars(?),Justice Ministry.The Jurchen Jinshi mainly served as ministers of the Personnel,Revenue,and Constructions Ministry,and so on.These people can master the military power.HanJinshi served as the chief of other departments except for the Ministry of Wars,such people do not command military power.Overall,The selection of the Lingshi of Shangshusheng promoted the formation of a new model of filling Confucian scholars and officials in staff in the Jin Dynasty,and had a direct impact on the staff system in the Yuan Dynasty.The promotion effect of reducing qualifications by Lingshi of Shangshusheng is an important political institutional feature of the Northern national dynasty.The Jurchen rulers basically ensured that all ethnic groups of the Lingshi of Shangshusheng have been justly appointed,and that they gave better treatment to the Jinshi,these demonstrate its pragmatic governing philosophy.