A Research On Sacrificial Rites Of The Ancestral Temple In Cao Wei Dynasty

The ancestral temple system is an important part of the state etiquette system.It is the key point of etiquette construction in ancient dynasties and also one of the most important national ceremonies in ancient China.Studying the ancestral temple activities helps to understand the people's political and cultural beliefs and the spiritual world at that time.In this article,the ancestral temple system is taken as the research object,its establishment and development process is explored and its features and influences are analyzed.When sorting and using the related documents and materials,the author also sorts out the ancestral temple in Cao Wei Dynasty and the related issues in forms.The ancestral temple system in Cao Wei Dynasty learned a lot from the temple development and change in Pre-Qin period and Han Dynasty.The later ancestral temple system was based on the "seven temples for emperor" in Zhou Dynasty recorded in traditional Confucian ancient books,which was the same as Cao Wei Dynasty.Temples in Cao Wei Dynasty experienced the process from four temples to seven temples.Cao Cao established the Cao temples as the feudal prince,in fact,the Cao temples were the temples of emperor.When sacrificed in spring,Cao Cao did not follow a fixed etiquette,and expressed a respect and awe of the ancestors in his own ways.Emperor Wen of Wei established four-temple system for emperors in Cao Wei Dynasty,Cao Song,Cao Teng and Cao Jie were sacrificed together,the three temples were destroyed in order and the temples of Cao Cao would not be destroyed.Emperor Ming of Wei established seven temple system,confirmed lasting temples for Emperor Wu,Emperor Wen and himself took the lead in confirming temple names and prohibiting destroying his temple.Various management agencies of temples in Cao Wei Dynasty jointly protected the normal conduct of the ancestral temple activities.The sacrificial ceremonies of the temples in Cao Wei Dynasty included Dixia Sacrifice(???),Shixiang Sacrifice(??),Jianxin Sacrifice(??)and Gaoye Temple(???),Shixiang and Jianxin were still carried out according to the ancient ceremony,and the formation of Dixia was affected by Zheng Xuan Group and Wang Su Group and accepted the theories of the two.The meritorious statesmen enjoying the Dixia included military officer and meritorious statesmen for establishment of Cao Wei Dynasty and guarding political power.Compared with Shu Han and Sun Wu,the succession and development of Cao Wei Dynasty were relatively perfect.The temple system in Southern and Northern Dynasties derived from that of Cao Wei Dynasty.Despite the appearance of incompatible with ancient ceremonies or even overruns,it was a matter for Cao Wei Dynasty to make appropriate adjustments according to the actual situation and achieve the goal of establishing the authority of politics.The right crop for right time principle of temples in Cao Wei Dynasty was used by the governors in Southern and Northern Dynasties and supplied the development space to the later temple system and the five rites system.