The Manchu Nationality Students' Political Reform In The Late Qing Dynasty

In the Constitution Movement of the late Qing dynasty,a number of Manchu students in Japan who established the Datongbao to express their political reforms opinions.The number of Manchu students studying in Japan pay attention to the situation at home and abroad,propaganda the disadvantages of the feudal autocratic,advocate to establish a constitutional monarchy in China.They hopes to resolve ethnic issues and achieve national independence by reform of national politics.At the end of June,1907,the Manchu students,such as Hengjun,founded the Datongbao in Tokyo and expressed their political opinions,and through the Datongbao participated in politics.Datongbao has realized feudal autocracy is not in conformity with the current China's national conditions,causes China to dismember object,propose to save the situation in China from peril,at first put forward to change the feudal autocracy.Also think that Democrats and republicans are not suitable for Chinese situation at that time,the democratic republic is a road of the revolution of violence,will only aggravate unrest and decline in China,cannot achieve the most urgent desire to protect the national race.On the basis of opposing the monarchy and the democratic republic,Datongbao proposed that China must achieve a constitutional monarchy through moderate reforms.Datongbao believes that the establishment of a constitutional government,first of all,should be establish a responsible government.From the reform of the government system to establish the responsibility of the cabinet system.Second,accelerate the opening of the congress.Members of congress represent the people in government affairs,supervise the government,and ensure that all policies and measures are properly handled.Third,we need to establish a local council,give the right to local autonomy,and deal with the relationship between the local and the central government.At the last moment,we should promote national integration,and advocate repeal the Eight Banner System,and realize the equality of the people.It is also necessary to "Republicanism of Five Nationalities" and unify the forces of all the people to protect the country and defend the territory.These ideas of the Manchu students are to save the crisis of the Chinese nation by establishing a constitutional system.Although historical fact tells us that a constitutional cannot solve the social problem in China,but from Datongbao publicity Manchu Chinese students studying constitutional system,spread democracy concept,for the modernization of Chinese society,especially political system by the feudal autocracy to made a significant contribution to the modern democratic transformation.Hope to research on Datongbao,make up for the lack of existing achievements in this respect,provide people a new understanding of imperial clan in Qing dynasty: not all Manchu conservative and a part of Manchu under the stimulus of national crisis,put forward the reform thought,promote the social progress.