The Influnce Factors Of Internet Gaming Disorder Natural Quitting:Evidence From FMRI

With the popularity of the Internet,online games have become one of the most popular choices for Internet users.However,excessive online games can cause individuals addicted to it,thereby affecting the individual's life,learning,work and socialization.This phenomenon has been described by Internet gaming disorder(IGD).Similar to substance addicts,the cognitive function of IGD subjects is impaired.A large number of studies have shown that IGD subjects have shown abnormalities in attention,executive control,and decision-making.IGD also impairs the normal operation of society.A recent study showed that only about 0.3-1%of players reached the addiction standard.However,according to CNNIC's survey,as of December 2017,the number of Internet users in China reached 727 million,while the number of online game users reached 442 million.At present,some intervention measures such as motivation intervention,cognitive behaviors,and mindfulness have emerged,but the effect is not satisfactory.The present study uses neuroimaging technique to explore whether exist some brain regions can affect natural quitting from IGD.Similar to substance addiction,IGD can be divided into intoxication,withdrawal and expectation these three cycles.Interrupting this cycle is the key to intervene in IGD.A large number of relevant studies have shown that there are abnormalities in the function and structure of brain regions such as the insula,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,precuneus,orbitofrontal cortex,cingulate gyrus,and striatum of IGD.A substance addiction study uses fMRI technique to investigate whether exist brain functional and structural can predict quitting from addiction.But so far,no similar research has emerged in the field of IGD.Some studies have shown that IGD has the reversibility and instability of addiction.In the absence of any intervention,some addicts will naturally quitting while others are still addicted.This study summarizes previous research paradigms and theories and will include three sub-studies.First of all,craving is a key feature of addiction,especially in the expectation phase,and it is also a key indicator of behavioral therapy.Because IGD is similar to substance addiction,the study uses the cue-reactivity paradigm to explore the brain activity on natural quitting from IGD.The second study selected resting-state data to explore the effect of spontaneous brain activity on natural quitting.The third study selected the thickness and volume to explore the impact of brain structure on natural abstinence.At the same time,the study of substance addiction points out that addiction can be quitted being affected by psychosocial factors.The study included a follow-up survey to control the effects of unrelated variables.In summary,this study explored the effects of craving,spontaneous brain activity,and brain structure on the quitting of IGD.The results showed that,compared with the natural quitting group,the not quitting participants were highly activated in the dorsolateral frontal gyrus,anterior cingulate gyrus,and insula in the face of game clues.The results show that the IGD not quitting participants are more likely to be attracted by game related clues.They are highly eager for the game and may not be able to suppress the craving despite try to control.The results of the second study showed that the activity of the dorsolateral frontal gyrus,orbitofrontal cortex,and the precuneus was enhanced,and activity of the middle temporal gyrus and the postcentral was decreased in the not quitting group.The results show that the reward loop is more strongly,and although not in the game-related context,it may still be highly desirable for the game,and lose the ability to control in the not quitting group;at the same time,long-term game playing may affect audiovisual capabilities.The third study showed that the gray matter volume or thickness in the inferior temporal gyrus,parietal lobe,precuneus,lateral occipital lobe,orbitofrontal cortex,superior frontal gyrus,and posterior cingulate were significantly reduced in the IGD not quitting group.These results show that the abnormal gray matter volume and thickness associated with the abnormal executive and reward processing.In summary,the data indicated that,compared with the IGD natural quitting group,the not quitting group showed abnormal structure and function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,cingulate gyrus,and other areas related to rewards and executive control.They have high desire for the game,and the executive control ability is impaired.This may affect the quitting from IGD.This is very important for providing theoretical guidance and further targeted therapy for IGD.