The Research On The Sage Sovereign And The Sanctification Of The Emperor Of The Western Han Dynasty

Pre-Qin scholars wrote and propounded ideas.Although there is a particular emphasis on each other,they contend with each other,but as the "Book of Changes Copulative(2)" said: “the world get to the same destination but go different roads,the same purpose with different methods.”The ideal of all the scholars is to end the long-term social unrest in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period,establish a stable and orderly political order,and realize the harmony and unity of the society.The realization of this ideal,however,objectively requires a gentleman with sufficient qualifications and competence."Sage sovereign" came into being at the historic moment.The holy King has the color of the divinity and human nature and his connotation is rich.But in essence,the holy King is the ideal monarch model shaped by all classes of authors.Entering the Qin and Han Dynasties,the holy King has become an important tool of ruling class ideology:First of all,through the creation of the holy King of the emperor’s image,the feudal regime has built its own legal basis;Secondly,by establishing the holy King’s governance,that is,the "peace of the world" as a political ideal,the autocratic emperor provided ideological and theoretical guidance for the political practice of the feudal regime,which was the emperor’s holy king.This article will take this as the center,and choose several representative emperors in the Western Han Dynasty to discuss one by one:The introduction first briefly introduces the purpose and significance of the topic,and then combs and reviews the academic history.The first chapter is the theoretical basis of the full text,which mainly introduces the relevant concepts and thoughts of writing.First of all,"Sage sovereign" is the crystallization of the rational political thinking in t the Pre-Qin Period.In the worship saint trend of thought and the violent social changes during the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period,all classes of authors gradually produced a consensus of "A saint is a king",and "the holy King" was born,which entrusted the political ideals of all the scholars and they were the ideal monarch models created by all the scholars.Secondly,they pointed out that the sage sovereign thought as a part of political thought belongs to the category of ideology,and then introduced the two main functions of Ideology: "masking" and "practicality".Both of them correspond to the legitimacy of the regime and the political ideal correspond to two elements of the ruling ideology necessary for the two despots,which are the purpose of the emperor’s sage.Finally,taking Qin Shihuang as an example,it is pointed out that the emperor’s sage is followed the ideological way of "the unity of heaven and man",that is,we should proceed from the two ways of transcendence of "destiny" and realistic "merits and virtues" and carry out the corresponding legitimacy construction and the practical activities of political ideal.The second chapter mainly discusses the relationship between the legitimacy of the regime and the sage sovereign image of Liu Bang(Han Gaozu)which was recorded in the history books.First of all,the Han Gaozu recorded of the initial image in the history books was the image of an ignorant emperor who was sprung from the marketplace,in the later period of Western Hanzhoung,it evolved into a "receiving instructions of holy virtue” king of the country,the purpose of this image change was to establish the Han Dynasty "Charisma" trait,in order to establish the legitimacy foundation of the Western Han regime.Secondly,shaping the identity of"receiving instructions" was the main way of the holy image of Han dynasty.The Western Han Dynasty based on the three generation of the sage sovereign’s story and made up a lot of political myth revolves around the Han emperor,such as sense of life,different profile,auspicious sign,etc.,and established the legality thought of "receiving instructions was the king"of Han Gaozu.Finally,it perished the Qin and Chu,founded a stateand created feudal lords.Reunite the world was the Han Gaozu legitimacy foundation in the aspects of " merits and virtues".The central content of the third chapter is divided into two parts.The first part analyzes the meaning of "political ideal".It points out that political activities need guidance of ideological theory,and political ideal is playing the guiding role.Then it analyses the political ideals of the four families,such as Legalists,Taoism,Confucianism and Mexico,which have a great influence on all the people.It points out that the sage sovereign is the core of the political ideals of all the people and realizes that the "King of the rule" is the common ideal of all the people.In the Qin and Han Dynasties,the political ideal is highly summarized as "peace",and appeared "The holy King for peace and tranquility" consensus.The second part mainly analyzes Emperor Hanwu s“The practice of the holy King” which took the "To peace and tranquility" as the goal.Emperor Hanwu was ambitious and inherited the yearning for the "Taiping world" since the pre-Qin period.In the imperial edict during Yuanguang years,he expressed his ambition of "Refer to Yao and Shun upwards,takeing the three generation of Kings as an prototype",and describe the social scene of peace and tranquility in the ideal.In the subsequent political practice,Emperor Hanwu adopted the strategy of "overlord road miscellaneous",took thirty years for the period to enlighten the people and conquer all the minority nations.After leading to the auspicious sign,he held the fengshan and heaven worship ceremony,which showed that "For peace and tranquility" has been basically completed.However,such practice of the Emperor Hanwu "for peace and tranquility" after all caused social unrest,it is worth pondering.The center of the fourth chapter is Wang Mang and the New dynasty that he established,which is the test of the theoretical results of the previous chapters.The emergence of the New dynasty is closely connected with the decline of the Western Han Dynasty,and the academic circles generally discuss the two parties together.The article first points out that the dukes undermine the politics of a state in the late Han Dynasty,the ruling class was extravagant,resulting in frequent disaster and a mass impoverishment.The Western Han regime has lost the legitimacy foundation of its rule.Secondly,it is pointed out that Wang Mang’s sanctification followed the two basic ideas of "Heaven" and "Virtue" :he gained fame with filial piety and frugality at the first time,and follow the Duke of Zhou,"assistant for peace",established the merit of his legitimacy;Then he invented a new theory that the New Dynasty is "The descendants of Shun and destiny of Erath" on the basis of the Western Han Dynasty " The descendants of Yao and destiny of Fire ",established the legitimacy of their own destiny,and a lot of repair and cosmetic work.Finally,Wang Mang’s political ideal is also the realization of the "peace and tranquilityof the world".But in order to cater to the revival trend of the late Han Dynasty,he adopted the strategy of ruling the country with extreme Retro and made a large-scale retro-reform movement in the bureaucratic establishment,field system,currency system and other important system.But because of the violation of the objective law,it ended in failure.The final chapter is a summary of the paper and some thinking extension.The Western Han Dynasty is at the beginning of “the sanctification satge” of the feudal age,the phenomenon of the emperor’s sanctification have a enormous impact on the feudal regime’s dominant ideology and practical activity at that time and later age.