Researches On Chou-an Union

In the early years of Republic of China,the Chou-an Union was a main organization to Yang Du's activities for Yuan Shikai's proclaiming emperor,and also an important sign of the process that all open and aboveboard.As a group responded to Yuan's imperialism,the Chou-an Union had a significant impact on social democracy of during that time.The paper is divided into four parts.The first part aims at the political and social situation faced with the society before the establishment of the Chou-an Union.Due to the frequent-wared circumstances and disappointment with the republican,a roar of approval of the restoration of monarchy resounded through the public views.On account of the influence of the European war,the foreign imperialists adopted a policy of non-interference,and some countries even supported Yuan Shikai's monarchical conspiracy.The second part discusses the establishment and operation of the Chou-an Union.It mainly analyzes the combination of the main members in the council,such as Yang Du,Yan Fu,Sun Yuyun,Liu Shipei,Li xiehe and Hu Ying.They launched the Chouan Union,an "academic group" to promote the monarchy.We will also discuss its development,funding and the situation where provinces and autonomous regions participate in the discussion of petition and national system.The third part focuses on the attitude from all sectors of society to Chou-an Union.It mainly discusses both proponents and discommenders of the union.Among them,most supporters are military and political officials who had loyal service to Yuan's government.And the opponents are some intellectuals and officials out of the government.In general,the proponents enjoys the gain the upper hand.However,those who approve the plan were not firm,because they were afraid of Yuan's power.The fourth part discusses the evaluation of the Chou-an Union.It is mainly about the end of its activities.At the same time,the paper makes a further discuss about the relationship between the Chou-an Union and Yuan Shikai,the nature of the Chou-an Union,and the evaluation of related person such as Yang Du.The Chou-an Union was a result of special political environment that time.Its emergence,development and the end were intertwined with the interest appeals of various political forces.To a certain extent,the union affected the democratic politics of China.On one hand,the Chou-an Union against the trend of monarchy.On the other hand,the organization falsified the public opinion.This reflects the dilemma between the monarch and the democracy that time.It is also a collision between the old feudal monarchy and the new western democratic ideas.However,the Social organization came back against the tide at the beginning of the Republic of China where democratic republican ideas had been widely disseminated.It boasted that the monarchy did not receive real support.The emergence of the Chou-an Union also showed that the twists and turns in the process of early modernization of China and the advancement or retrogression in the process of history are indispensable to our objective understanding and evaluation of history.