India's Muslim Enlightenment In The Latter Half Of The 19th Century

The Mughal dynasty was the last reign of India before it became a colony,and it was ruled by Islam.Muslims dominated Politics and Military during the Mughal dynasty,but their development was slow in the commercial sector.With the deepening of the British colonial rule,the Queen of England began to take over India after the great uprising of the Indian nation from 1857 to 1858.The United Kingdom adopted a "divide and rule" policy in India.At the beginning,it adopted a policy of "pulling and printing",which restricted the development of Muslim society.Hinduism began its Religious Social Reform Movement in the 1820 s and achieved certain results.Compared with the development of the Hindu Reform Movement,Muslim society was still closed and conservative.The appearance of Muslim modern intellectuals laid the foundation for the Muslim Enlightenment Movement in India in the latter half of the 19 th century.The Muslim Enlightenment Movement mainly included political innovations,cultural and educational movements,and Islamic religious and social reforms in the latter half of the 19 th century.The emergence of the district election system and the proposal of the "two nationalities" theory demonstrate the political efforts of Muslims.With the constant emergence of the Mmodammadan Anglo-Oriental College and other enlightenment groups,Muslims began to learn western advanced culture and education systems.Islamic religious and social reforms have abolished the habits of some old Muslim societies,reinterpreted some Islamic doctrines and teachings,and revived Muslim societies.Sir Syed Ahmed Khan formed his own ideas in politics,education,and the reform of Islamic religion,and put them into practice to guide the Muslim Enlightenment Movement in India.He advocated cooperation with the British government to carry out the Muslim Enlightenment while maintaining the British rule At the same time,he also tried to learn from the West,learn advanced Western science and technology and culture,introduce advanced western education systems and reform Islam and society.In the latter half of the 19 th century,the Muslim Enlightenment Movement has raised the national consciousness of Muslims,and it promoted the development of Muslim society education.However,it cannot be overlooked that it deepens the contradiction between Hinduism and Islam.In addition,the Muslim Enlightenment in the latter half of the 19 th century was mainly concentrated in the upper classes,and it was a top-down reform movement.