The Construction Of "Civilization" And The Social Trend Of Thought In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Republic Of China

"Civilization" is a discourse that is constructed under the dual role of Western ideas and social trends,and it has a strong value orientation.In the claims and remarks of intellectuals in modern times,the use of the word "civilization" is not uncommon.Through the flexibility use of the term“civilization" by intellectuals,it can be seen that the word "civilization" and its dominant values have become the discourse composition of various theories and claims of modern intellectuals,and have made a ideological preparations for the prosperity of many social thoughts.During the Reform Movement of 1898,the "Civilization Theory" became an important component of the world order and rules.The word "civilization" plays an increasingly important role in the expression of westerners' thinking.The evaluation system evolved from the concept of "civilization" has gradually become a universal standard for measuring the level of each country.Under the background of this era,Chinese modern intellectuals began to seek positioning for their own country in the value judgment of civilization as the core,and began to gradually become accustomed to using "civilization" to understand problems,judge the gains and losses,and thus propose and argue.Propositions and measures to save the country.The revolutionary thoughts in the late Qing and early Republic of China also set off the propaganda of "civilization".During the Revolution of 1911,the revolutionaries used the "civilization" to legalize and justify their revolutionary actions and revolutionary ideas to expand their revolutionary propaganda.In addition.the revolutionaries "civilization exclusion" is an important manifestation to promote their civilization consciousness.The "civil rights" concept is also an important practice under the consciousness of civilization.After the First World War,intellectuals began to reflect on the understanding of civilization.Their reflection on civilization is reflected in the social action and various cultural debates.During this period,intellectuals' understanding of civilization was clearer and more comprehensive,and they were more proficient in the use of civilized discourse.The intellectuals actively applied the "civilization dichotomy" thinking to their own social speech and actions,and the "Western material-Oriental civilization"became the product of their profound reflection on "civilization",which also formed their conservative basis.Through the transformation of the understanding of "civilization" by intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,it can be seen that the process of constructing the "civilization" concept is actually a process in which intellectuals use the "civilized" discourse to cope with the changing environment of the times.In this process,the transformation of intellectuals' understanding of"civilization" is actually a transformation of the understanding of the "Western".It can be said that the process of exploring and reflecting on the concept of "civilization"by intellectuals in the late Qing and early Republic of China is also the journey of saving the country and saving the people.