A Comparative Study Of The Two Translated Versions Of 1984 From The Perspective Of Manipulation Constraints

In the 1980 s,a “cultural turn” in the field of translation studies emerged,bringing cultural studies into the study of translation theory.André Lefevere's Manipulation Theory is a well-known theory in the Cultural School of translation studies.It holds that literary translation activities are restrained and manipulated by a series of external factors,such as ideology,poetics and patronage,which have direct or indirect influences on the translation approaches and strategies of literary works.Manipulation Theory had shifted the researchers' attentions from the internal to external factors of the text,and Lefevere opened up a brand-new perspective for later translation studies.The Manipulation Theory has brought fresh air to the long-standing dull and monotonous field of Chinese literary translation research.The change of Manipulation Theory in translations on objectives,approaches,contents and purposes opens up a vast space for the development of literary translation.As George Orwell's most famous novel,1984 has been translated into more than 60 languages and gained a great fame for its author.Based on the Manipulation Theory,this thesis compares two Chinese translation versions of the book 1984 and argues for the new thoughts and approaches of the Manipulation Theory.Examples of different categories are taken to illustrate the different impacts of ideology,poetics and patronage on the translations.The thesis also implicates that the theory of manipulation has enlightened the theories and practices of Chinese translation.This thesis summarizes the research background,purpose,significance andoverall structure of itself,and makes a literature review of the application of Manipulation Theory in translation.Meanwhile,it introduces the novel 1984,its author George Orwell,and the two translators chosen in this paper and their Chinese versions.The focus of this thesis is to give a comparative study of the two Chinese versions from three perspectives of Manipulation Theory,and to illustrate the influence of Manipulation Theory on literary translation.In addition,implications will also be provided to translation theory and practice in the end of this paper,and also the contents of this thesis are also concluded.