| In recent years,Chinese learning seems to have entered a period of prosperity in Germany.Germans hold a variety of attitudes towards Chinese.Some people think that Chinese is very interesting and beautiful.Others think that Chinese is extremely difficult to learn.So what are the representative attitudes of Germans who have certain knowledge of Chinese?How do those language attitudes come into being?Little research has been done in this field.Based on this background,this thesis analyzes the attitudes of German Chinese-learners from five dimensions:(1)Cognition:the faith and belief derived from personal experience or others' reports;(2)Emotion:feeling,mood,sentiments and subjective language evaluation from extremely positive to extremely negative.(3)Action:behaviour tendency based on language attitudes.(4)Tool:instrumental language attitudes are individual opinions on a certain language and advantages brought by mastering a certain language or being a member of the language group.(5)Integration:integrated language attitudes are characteristics of obvious socialization and interpersonal communication.The research corpus of this thesis is written texts provided by 20 German Chinese-Learners.The texts were obtained through a combination of questionnaires and semi-structured written interviews.In order to explore specific attitudes towards Chinese language and related influencing factors,the thesis conducts a research on current classification of categories and classification criteria in language attitudes research as well as "Category Method".The candidates' native language must be German.Meanwhile,they must have a certain amount of Chinese knowledge.In preliminary preparation stage,this thesis is defined by introducing the background and setting up eight related questions.In order to test the validity of the written interview,several trial interviews were conducted before the formal collection of the texts,and the design of the written interview was improved by collecting feedback information from trial interviews.After finalizing the written interview questionnaires,the texts were sent through "Mouth-to-Mouth Propaganda" per email or WeChat to candidates who are suitable and willing to participate in this research.Help or explanation were provided if the candidates had doubts or problems.In data analysis stage,based on Mayring's theory of qualitative text analysis and existing categories from other language attitude researches,the texts are mainly deductively analyzed.New language attitudes that are not included in the theory but appear in the language attitude reports are summarized.With the combination of deduction and induction,the category system for this thesis is established.The empirical analysis shows,even among the German Chinese-Learners,there is no "authoritative" Chinese language attitudes,but they do have some common grounds at specific learning stages:at the beginning,the language attitude is negative or even extremely negative.The negative emotion does not decline in the process of learning,but it is constantly increasing until the peak.After this,their language attitudes begin to change,from emotionally negative to cognitively neutral and even positive.The related influencing factors are roughly divided into objective and subjective factors.Objective factors include language itself,language policy,and language environment;subjective factors include language knowledge,language acquisition methods and processes,motivation,language level and so on.By analyzing German learners' attitudes towards Chinese language,this thesis probes into the concept of language attitude,enlightens non-native Chinese learners and gives specific suggestions on the development and promotion of Chinese language in Germany.In the meantime,the thesis also discovers there is still a long way to go in the research methods of Chinese language attitudes,such as the language attitudes of Chinese dialects and the attitudes of Chinese language acquisition,etc. |
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