| Self-disclosure,as an important indicator of individual physical and mental development,is the basis of good interpersonal relationship construction and plays an important role in social adaptation.For adolescents,who are in a sensitive period of life,moderate level of self-disclosure may help them to enhance self-awareness,however,low level of self-disclosure may lead to a series of interpersonal and adaptation problems.The individual development awakening model suggests that genetic characteristics(such as temperament)are important for individual's growth.It can directly affect their development,moreover,may affect individual development by awakening different reaction patterns of intimate others,such as parents and peers.Firstly,individuals' development may be affected or restricted by genetic characteristics(temperament),which are taken as the basis.Besides,different temperament characteristics(such as the type of difficult and easy)show differences in interpersonal communication and language expression and have different levels of self-disclosure.Secondly,individuals' personality may arouse parental parenting to affect their development.Parental parenting is seen as the main measurement index of environmental aspect and is closely associated with the development of self-disclosure level of adolescents.Positive parental parenting can promote the developing of adolescents' self-disclosure,however,negative parental parenting are not.Therefore,it suggests that parental parenting may play a mediating role between adolescent temperament and self-disclosure,However,there is no research to discuss this.Existing studies mainly focus on the basic characteristics of self-disclosure and its effects on the physical and mental health of adolescents.Only few studies have examined the influencing factors of self-disclosure.However,to date,no comprehensive researches have further studied the relationship among individual characteristics(temperament),environmental factors and self-disclosure.Therefore,the present study attempts to investigate the influencing factors and mechanism of self-disclosure in early adolescence to provide theoretical and empirical basis for improving adolescents' self-disclosure level.We used a sample of 590 adolescents,who come from two middle schools in LaiWu,ShanDong Province,by adopting convenient sampling method in this study.Questionnaires,the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire,Parenting Behavior Questionnaire and Self-disclosure Questionnaire,are applied to investigate the mechanism of parental parenting on adolescent temperament and self-disclosure.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Significant gender differences are found in adolescents' self-disclosure.Specifically,compare to male adolescents,female adolescents' disclosure level in different subjects and objects is much higher,including hobbies and interests,learning and school experience,besides their disclosure level to mothers and friends of the same sex is also higher than male adolescents.Besides,grade differences are examined as well.The adolescents in grade one focus on disclosure to their parents,while the adolescents in grade three focus on disclosure to their friends.As the grade increases,their disclosure to friends gradually increased,while to parents gradually decreased.In addition,the gender main effect is significant that female adolescents' self-disclosure level is higher than male,while the grade main effect is non-significant.(2)The control ability and sensitivity of temperament are positively correlated with positive parental parenting,negatively related to negative parental parenting,moreover,it significantly positively correlated with self-disclosure.Besides,negative emotion and shyness are positively associated with negative parental parenting and negative emotion is positively correlated with self-disclosure;positive parental parenting is positively correlated with self-disclosure,while mothers' negative parental parenting is negatively associated with self-disclosure.(3)The level of self-disclosure of adolescents can be significantly predicted by sensitivity of temperament.That is,the higher the degree of sensitivity,the higher the level of adolescent self-disclosure.The finding of mediating effect indicated that fathers' parenting plays a mediating role between control and sensitivity of temperament and self-disclosure.Much more fathers' positive parenting behavior will be aroused,when the level of adolescents control and sensitivity become higher,which will promote the developing of adolescents' self-disclosure level.In addition,it has been shown that mother's parenting behavior plays a mediating role between control and sensitivity,negative emotions and self-disclosure that adolescents with a higher degree of control and sensitivity may wake up more positive parenting behaviors of their mothers,which may promote their self-disclosure.However,for individual who have high level of negative emotion,may experience more maternal negative parenting,which is not conducive to the development of adolescents' self-disclosure. |
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