An Analysis Of State Governance In Modern China

State governance refers to the ability of the state to translate its will and objectives into reality,mainly referring to the capacity of the central government.As one of the capabilities,the extractive capacity,especially the fiscal capacity,directly determines the State's governance performance.Through methods of dialectical/historical materialism,comparative analysis,historical research,and value analysis,starting from the definition of national governance capacity by domestic and foreign scholars,this paper draws a definition of ‘State capacity' for this article:Through the extraction,utilization and integration of national resources by the central government,the state can achieve the purpose of guaranteeing the legitimacy of government operation.Then the concept of the fiscal absorptive is introduced,which is the basic of the state capacity.This paper analyses the state governance problems in three different periods of modern China,namely,the Beijing National Government of the Republic of China,the Nanjing National Government and the initial stage of the establishment of the People's Republic of China.From a historical perspective,the Beijing National Government has to borrow money to survive the financial crisis because of the continuous war and the huge military expenditure.Although the Nanjing National Government made measures to solve the financial difficulties,due to improper division between the central and local governments,and excessive dependence on the powers,the National Parties fell in the later period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party,through a series of measures such as stabilizing prices,unifying taxes and fees,land reform and so on,the national economy gradually recovered.The foundation of New China brought national economic independence,and farmers turned over as masters.It is further pointed out that finance determines the results of national governance.