| The bronze tools of production,as one of the important archaeological materials,reflecting the social and economic living conditions of the pre-Qin period,played a positive role in the pre-Qin period.At the same time,the bronze tools have their own unique morphological characteristics and type changes.In the process of tool development,it is a transitional stage.It takes off from imitating the shape of non-metallic tools and carries out optimization and transformation,thus opening up the shape of iron tools.However,the research on bronze tools of production,as one of the important categories of bronzes,is slightly weaker than that on bronze ritual instruments and weapons,and the regional comprehensive research is even more inadequate.A large number of bronze tools of production of the pre-Qin period have been found in the archaeological practice of Anhui province for many years,which provides a solid archaeological data guarantee for the comprehensive study of bronze production tools of the pre-Qin period in this area.At present,the integral and comprehensive research on the bronze tools of pre-Qin period in this region is still very scarce.Based on the published archaeological excavation reports or briefing reports materials,this paper makes a comprehensive study of the bronze production tools of Pre-Qin period in Anhui from the perspective of traditional archaeological research,including quantitative and geographical distribution statistics,typological analysis,chronological analysis,burial type and combination relationship analysis,and cultural factor analysis,which is helpful to understand all kinds of bronze tools'development context,regional differences and linkages,and to explore the cultural exchanges and impacts among different regions and their social and economic development status.It has great academic research value.This paper is divided into six chapters.Chapter one,introduction.This chapter first defines the space-time scope of the study,that is,Anhui province in the pre-Qin period.It briefly introduces the geographical environment of Anhui province and the historical development of the pre-Qin period,and then lists the pre-Qin bronze tools unearthed in Anhui province over the years.Secondly,it briefly discusses the history of academic research on bronze tools,reviews the history of research on bronze tools in Anhui,and combs the papers and views of relevant scholars.Finally,it introduces the research ideas and methods,purposes and significance,as well as the innovation and shortcomings of this study.Chapter two,typology study.This chapter mainly carries on the typological analysis to each kind of bronze production tools unearthed in Anhui.After discussing the basic situation of various tools,such as the names,uses and usage,by using the methods of ancient literature inquiry and comparative analysis,it describes 17 kinds of bronze tools in detail,such as Chan(shovel),Fu(axe),Ben(adze),Jue(pichaxe),Si(a spade-shaped farm tool),Cha(spade),Chu(hoe),scabs,Lian(sickle),knife,Ju(saw),Zao(chisel),Cuo(file),Zui(awl),Zuan(drill),fish hook and so on.According to the morphological characteristics,the specific types are sorted out.Chapter three,stages and times.According to the characteristics of the bronze tools unearthed in Anhui and on the basis of typological research,this chapter carries out chronological analysis of the types and sites of the bronze tools unearthed,and refers to the age of the original report,divides the bronze tools into five periods,namely,the Xia Dynasty and before,the Shang Dynasty,the Western Zhou Dynasty,the Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period and the middle and late Warring States Period.Secondly,the statistical method is used to analyze the change characteristics of the number of bronze tools in each period.Finally,the evolution of the shape of each bronze tool is discussed in order to summarize the age range of some typical bronze tools.Chapter four,burial type and combination.Firstly,this chapter investigates the types of sites where bronze tools came out.There are five kinds of sites,including tombs,sites,cellars,collections and others.Then it focuses on the analysis of the unearthed state and combination relationship of bronze tools in each period of tombs,cellars and sites,and summarizes the characteristics of the combination relationship of bronze tools in each type of unearthed sites.Chapter five,interregional comparison.This chapter mainly uses the method of archaeological cultural factor analysis to analyze the similarities and differences of bronze tools,such as the overall quantity development characteristics of bronze tools,the distribution of each type of bronze tools,the unearthed state of bronze tools and the distribution of combination,in three areas of Anhui,namely,the north,the middle and the southern.It is concluded that there are regional characteristics and linkages among bronze tools in Anhui.Then expand the perspective and explore the relationship and difference in the types of bronze tools with the adjacent areas.It is believed that the bronze tools in Pre-Qin period in Anhui not only have local characteristics,but also have connections with the bronze tools of Three Generations(Xia Dynasty,Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty)of Central Plains culture,Yueshi culture in Shandong,Hushu culture and Wuyue culture in Jiangsu and Zhejiang,Chu culture.Chapter six,conclusion.This chapter summarizes the content of this paper and the harvest of the preliminary research.There are many kinds of bronze tools in Anhui Pre-Qin Dynasty.They have experienced the process of rise,development,prosperity and decline.Each kind of bronze tools has its own unique evolution and process.The state and composition of bronze tools unearthed in tombs,sites and cellars are different,and the exchange of various cultural factors is also reflected in bronze tools.At the same time,the role of bronze tools in the social and economic life of the pre-Qin period is briefly discussed. |
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